The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always regarded social security as an important institutional arrangement to promote economic and social development and realize that the broad masses of the people share the fruits of reform and development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed the construction of social security system in a more prominent position. Through a series of institutional and institutional innovations, China’s social security system reform has developed in depth. Nowadays, the goal of universal coverage of social security work is being achieved steadily.

　　Leading the people to create a better life is our party’s unswerving goal. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always regarded social security as an important institutional arrangement to promote economic and social development and realize that the broad masses of the people share the fruits of reform and development. After decades of unremitting efforts, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put the construction of social security system in a more prominent position, adhered to full coverage, guaranteed basic, multi-level and sustainable, and made a series of major decisions and arrangements. Today, the largest social security system in the world has become the guarantee for 1.4 billion Chinese to live and work in peace and contentment. From centenarians to newborn babies, the goal of universal coverage of social security work is being steadily realized.

　　Practice has proved that the historic achievements in China’s social security cause are fundamentally due to the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, persistence in giving full play to the party’s leadership and the political advantages of the socialist system, and concentrating on doing great things. The valuable experience we have gained for a long time lies in adhering to the people’s supremacy and common prosperity, and taking improving people’s livelihood and promoting social equity as the fundamental starting point and end result of developing social security.

　　Solve the problem of "urgent difficulties and worries" of the masses

　　Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism. For a country with a large population like China, it is necessary to constantly improve the social security system so that everyone can share the fruits of economic and social development.

　　I often think about the sufferings of the people in my heart, and I often seek ways to enrich the people in my mind. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the leadership of the Party, China’s social security system has been consolidated step by step, and its coverage has gradually expanded from employees of urban enterprises to rural residents, and the goal of universal coverage is being steadily realized. In 2016, the International Social Security Association awarded the China Municipal Government the "Outstanding Achievement Award in Social Security" in recognition of China’s outstanding achievements in expanding social security coverage.

　　At the beginning of the founding of New China, social security started. "Workers in People’s Republic of China (PRC) have the right to get material help when they are old, sick or incapacitated." In September 1954, the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) adopted by the First National People’s Congress explicitly mentioned the rights of workers.

　　After the reform and opening up, China’s social security construction has entered the fast lane. During this period, in order to establish a multi-level social security system and provide social security suitable for urban and rural residents in China, China has successively launched the "Two Rivers Pilot" of the employee medical insurance system, put forward the "two guarantees" for laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises, established and improved the old-age insurance system for enterprise employees and the industrial injury insurance system, and comprehensively implemented the new rural social endowment insurance system and the old-age insurance system for urban residents. On July 1st, 2011, the Social Insurance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) was officially implemented, and the social insurance system of new China had a special law formulated by the highest legislature for the first time.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s social security reform has witnessed the greatest strength, the fastest development speed and the widest coverage. It is also a period in which the people are most concerned about the most direct and realistic interests and the people’s "urgent difficulties and worries" are solved the most.

　　China has built the largest pension security system in the world. In February 2014, the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents was unified. In October of the same year, the reform of the old-age insurance system in government agencies and institutions was initiated, and a unified basic old-age insurance system combining social pooling with individual accounts was implemented with enterprise employees. In 2018, the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees was established, which strongly supported the full payment of basic pensions in difficult provinces. In 2020, the national overall plan for enterprise employees’ pension insurance was reviewed and approved by the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, and various preparatory work was in full swing. By the end of May 2021, China’s basic old-age insurance had covered 1.012 billion people, including 460 million employees, 547 million urban and rural residents and nearly 300 million pensioners. The old-age insurance system has enabled retirees and elderly residents in urban and rural areas to share the fruits of economic and social development, and their sense of acquisition, happiness and security has been significantly enhanced.

　　The "trinity" structure is in the same boat through thick and thin, and it is helpful to encounter work-related injuries. Bringing more people into the scope of protection of industrial injury insurance is the top priority of this basic guarantee. The "Same Boat Plan" launched for three consecutive years from 2015 to 2017 is the special expansion plan of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security for the construction industry. In 2018, it was made clear that migrant workers who are employed in various engineering construction projects such as railways, highways, water transport, water conservancy, energy and airport projects can be included in the work-related injury insurance protection by participating in the project, thus creatively solving the problem of difficulty in participating in the insurance for migrant workers in the engineering construction field. By the end of May, 2021, the number of people participating in industrial injury insurance nationwide was 272 million, including 89.91 million migrant workers. Nowadays, the industrial injury insurance system of prevention, compensation and rehabilitation is becoming more and more perfect. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance and other eight departments jointly issued the Five-year Action Plan for Work Injury Prevention (2021-2025). The effective development of work injury prevention has promoted the decline of the incidence of work-related accidents and the improvement of working conditions in the workplace. During the treatment of the epidemic in COVID-19, the rights and interests of industrial injury insurance of infected medical staff and related staff were protected in time.

　　Economic "shock absorber" is stable and far-reaching

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, through a series of innovations in system and mechanism, the reform of China’s social security system has developed in depth, the level of security has been continuously improved with economic development, and the role of "shock absorber" in economic operation has become more and more prominent.

　　Reduce fees and reduce the burden on enterprises. In recent years, when all kinds of enterprises are experiencing major economic fluctuations, facing major reform initiatives and encountering major emergencies, social security policies have made timely moves, which have played a positive role in helping small and medium-sized enterprises, stabilizing and expanding employment. It is understood that from 2015 to 2019, China has reduced the social security rate six times, and the total social security rate of five items has dropped from 41% to 33.95%, which has reduced the expenses for enterprises by nearly one trillion yuan, effectively promoting the development of the real economy and private enterprises.

　　In 2020, in order to cope with the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security introduced an unprecedented policy of "reducing the burden, slowing down the reduction and subsidizing". In the whole year, the three social insurances of pension, unemployment and work injury reduced the burden on enterprises by 1.54 trillion yuan, accounting for two-thirds of the total tax reduction and fee reduction. Bao Daorong, deputy director of the Labor and Employment Center in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, was deeply impressed by the measures taken to stabilize unemployment insurance in Fuzhou last year: "In 2020, we gave 17,700 small and medium-sized enterprises a stable job subsidy. In the past, enterprises were looking for social departments to honor their policies. During the epidemic, we were looking for enterprises by policy and took the initiative to help enterprises through difficult times. "

　　In recent years, China has implemented an unemployment insurance system to protect life, prevent unemployment and promote employment, which has played a decisive role in helping enterprises stabilize their posts and upgrading their skills. In 2015, in order to implement the central government’s "cost reduction" requirements, the unemployment insurance rate was "three reductions and four extensions", and the total rate was reduced from 3% to 1%. At present, this policy is still being implemented. In 2019, in order to implement the strategy of strengthening the country with skills, the human and social departments took out 100 billion yuan from the balance of unemployment insurance funds to support vocational skills upgrading. In 2020, in response to the impact of the epidemic, 104.2 billion yuan of stable return funds were distributed to 6.08 million insured enterprises throughout the year, benefiting 156 million employees. In the same year, in terms of expanding the coverage of unemployment insurance, the unemployment subsidy and temporary living allowance policies were innovated. For the first time, urban and rural unemployed people who voluntarily resigned, received unemployment insurance benefits and had been insured for less than one year were included in the coverage. In the whole year, 13.37 million unemployed people enjoyed unemployment insurance benefits.

　　The role of social security as an economic "shock absorber" is not only reflected in the fact that it can cover the difficulties in emergencies, but also in the fact that it has a certain countercyclical adjustment function of economic operation, creating environmental conditions for the smooth and orderly flow of labor factors. At present, China is building a new development pattern, the core of which is to smooth the national economic cycle so that production, distribution, circulation and consumption rely more on the domestic market. In order to meet the people’s new expectations for a high-quality life, social security benefits have been gradually improved. The basic pension for enterprise retirees has been continuously adjusted for 17 years, and the pensions for retirees from enterprises, institutions and institutions have been adjusted simultaneously for six consecutive times. At the same time, unemployment insurance and work injury insurance benefits have been greatly improved. At present, the minimum standard of basic pension for urban and rural residents provided by the central government has been transferred from 55 yuan to 93 yuan. All provinces have issued additional local basic pensions, and the monthly per capita pension for urban and rural residents is about 170 yuan.

　　At present, people’s social departments at all levels in the country are taking people’s livelihood security as the starting point and the end result of smoothing the domestic circulation, closely following the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, improving the multi-level social security system, eliminating worries for the masses, improving people’s livelihood and expanding consumption.

　　Sustainable supply matters for a long time.

　　With the development of economy and society and the improvement of people’s health, China has entered the stage of population aging. Faced with the extension of life expectancy, the acceleration of population aging, the decline of working-age population and the shortening of average working years, China’s population aging has the characteristics of "getting old before getting rich" and huge scale, which has a great and far-reaching impact on economic and social development. The social security system must be actively coordinated, explore effective paths and measures, and continuously enhance sustainability.

　　Pension funds plan ahead and strive to achieve steady development. In August 2015, the State Council issued the Measures for the Administration of Investment in Basic Endowment Insurance Funds, which opened a new chapter in the market-oriented investment and operation of basic endowment insurance funds. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, in order to expand the scale of entrusted investment of pension funds and improve the efficiency of fund appreciation, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance successively issued a number of documents, and deployed all provinces in China to start entrusted investment of pension funds in three batches. By the end of 2020, all provinces in China and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have started the entrusted investment of pension funds, with the entrusted scale reaching 1.24 trillion yuan and the actually received scale reaching 1.05 trillion yuan. Since the pension fund was officially invested and operated at the end of 2016, the accumulated investment income is nearly 200 billion yuan, and the average annual rate of return is over 6%, far exceeding the average annual inflation rate and the 5-year time deposit interest rate in the same period, which has achieved the goal of maintaining and increasing value.

　　The development of annuity funds has accelerated, and the role of supplementary pension has gradually become apparent. Enterprise annuity and occupational annuity are the second pillar of old-age insurance, and are the important contents of building a multi-level old-age insurance system in China. In recent years, the enterprise annuity system has run smoothly and the occupational annuity system has made a major breakthrough. By the end of 2020, 105,000 enterprises across the country had established enterprise annuities, with 27.18 million participants. In terms of occupational annuity, since the establishment of the system in 2015, it has been gradually standardized from scratch in just a few years. By the end of 2020, the second pillar of endowment insurance has covered 69 million people, and the accumulated scale of the fund has exceeded 3.6 trillion yuan, which has better achieved the long-term stable income goal.

　　At present, the overall healthy and orderly development of the annuity system has gradually played a positive role in promoting a multi-level pension system, enhancing the talent attraction of insured units, and improving the level of pension benefits for employees after retirement. At the same time, supplementary endowment insurance fund, as an important medium-and long-term fund, has also played a positive role in promoting the steady development of China’s capital market. (Economic Daily-China Economic Net reporter Rong Rong)

　　With the deepening of poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation is becoming the first choice for many regions to move from "one-time poverty alleviation" to "sustainable poverty alleviation". However, the reporter of the Economic Information Daily recently conducted a survey in poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou, Ningxia, Henan and other places, and found that in the process of implementing the industrial poverty alleviation policy at the grassroots level, due to the lack of investigation and research, the industrial poverty alleviation in some areas was distorted, the industrial development was arbitrary, and there was a lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing. Some key nodes that restricted the development of industrial poverty alleviation needed to increase their efforts.

　　Industry drives villagers out of poverty and towards a well-off society.

　　According to the plan, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 30 million rural poor people in China will be lifted out of poverty through industrial support, and provide a sustainable and stable source of income for people who have moved away from home, ecological protection and education and medical care. In the concrete practice at the grassroots level, some replicable and popularized industrial poverty alleviation models have gradually taken shape, initially showing a situation of "strong industry, benefiting the people and revitalizing the village".

　　In Hetaoba Village, Meijiang Town, Meitan County, Guizhou Province, the 10,000-mu tea garden glows with bright green light. Sweet-scented osmanthus trees, cherry trees and chestnut trees are dotted among rows of tea trees, and the small blue tiles, cross-beams, carved windows and white-powder-walled "houses in northern Guizhou" are located in the green forest of tea sea in turn.

　　"A few decades ago, the villagers in our place ate glutinous rice, lived in wooden tile houses, and traveled by shoulders. The poor life once made many villagers go out to work." Chen Tingming, Party Secretary of Walnut Dam, said that in order to change the situation of poor corn planting year after year, Walnut Dam Village decided to implement "returning grain to plant tea" in the way of "leading cadres in branches, leading cadres in party member and leading the masses in party member".

　　"At that time, the government invested two or three million yuan to help us develop the tea industry, and the two village committees implemented tea industrialization development in accordance with the five unified models of land planning, tea seedling cultivation, capital investment, tea production and processing." Chen Tingming said, "It is better to give money to food than to attract rich industries."

　　Today, in Walnut Dam, 868 villagers have a per capita tea garden of 3.5 mu, a per capita income of 15,000 yuan, and village collective assets of more than 90 million yuan. There are only 29 poor households with physical and intellectual disabilities in the village, and more than 95% of the villagers have achieved employment and entrepreneurship in the village, and have a tea and green trading center that radiates Zunyi City.

　　Daren Liew, a villager with an annual income of more than 200,000 yuan in 32 acres of tea garden, said that in the past, villagers were so poor that it was difficult to grow corn. Because the industry was selected correctly and the government provided better public services, the Walnut Dam became more livable than the city, which was unthinkable in the past.

　　In addition to the tea industry, during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Guizhou successively invested 6.9 billion yuan in industrial poverty alleviation funds, and developed ten poverty alleviation industries such as Chinese herbal medicines, walnuts, grassland animal husbandry and fine fruits according to local conditions, covering more than 5 million farmers, attracting hundreds of thousands of migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship every year, and many of them have become leaders in industrial poverty alleviation.

　　In Ningxia, the "one county, one industry" characteristic poverty alleviation industries, such as potatoes in Xiji County, cattle in Jingyuan County and Chinese herbal medicines in Longde County, are forming a brand effect. Starting from 2016, Ningxia will also set up a total of 1 billion yuan industrial poverty alleviation fund in three years to support poor villages and poor households to develop characteristic breeding industries according to local conditions, so that more than 80% of the income of poor people will come from industries.

　　From 2013 to 2015, through industrial support and construction subsidies for poor households, Henan implemented 2,264 poverty alleviation projects to increase household income, covering nearly 170,000 poor households and benefiting 630,000 people. The average income of the supported poor households was nearly 7,000 yuan.

　　Focusing on industrial poverty alleviation and science and technology poverty alleviation, since 2011, Henan Province has also developed 1,389 industrial poverty alleviation projects such as high-efficiency planting (breeding) and agricultural product processing according to local conditions, driving nearly 370,000 poor people to work at home; 935 poverty alleviation projects through science and technology were arranged, and 814,000 person-times of agricultural technology training were carried out. Many poor households whose abilities have jumped have become experts in getting rid of poverty and heading for a well-off society.

　　Poverty alleviation in individual areas is distorted.

　　Some interviewed poverty alleviation cadres and the masses reported that in the process of actively promoting industrial poverty alleviation, some problems are also emerging. In some areas, the industrial development is arbitrary, and there is a lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing, so the exploration of industrial poverty alleviation is often ineffective. In addition, the imperfect support funds and security system also plague the implementation of poverty alleviation policies.

　　First, industrial development is arbitrary. Some areas blindly promote a project in the whole county and district, regardless of cost and poor efficiency, which leads to rush into development and final overall failure. From 2014 to 2015, a poverty-stricken county in western China forcibly promoted the breeding of green-shell laying hens among more than 3,000 poor households in two towns without in-depth investigation of mass breeding techniques, breeding costs and market risks. Due to the poor epidemic prevention of laying hens, high breeding costs and many thresholds set by contracted enterprises, the government invested millions of yuan in breeding projects, and some farmers even went to the government to petition because of poor benefits in developing green-shell laying hens.

　　In addition, the reporter found in the investigation that the lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing is often a common factor in the failure of industrial poverty alleviation exploration in various places. The reporter of Economic Information Daily recently found in an interview in a county in Guizhou that in the past six years, the local poverty alleviation industries such as walnut, gastrodia elata, sheep raising, codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla have been implemented successively, but they all failed to varying degrees. Due to low deep processing capacity and low degree of organization, it is difficult for scattered farmers to cope with market risks. Taking tea as an example, this county has developed 200,000 mu of tea gardens in recent years, and about 100,000 mu are surviving and developing relatively well. However, because there is no deep processing industry chain, only primary products are sold locally, and the low added value of products is not obvious. The local poverty alleviation cadres reflected: "Agriculture has high risks. If it is not driven by leading enterprises familiar with the market and technology, relying on the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses, the country will eventually spend money, but farmers will suffer."

　　Second, the participation of poor households is low, and there are phenomena such as "there are government decisions without the will of the masses" and "there are projects without poor households". It is not uncommon for some cadres to think that they are better than the masses. Local governments have a strong sense of "I want you to plant (raise) projects", and they decide what to plant and raise for farmers instead of others. Poor households are in a subordinate position in industrial development, with low participation, and the voices and wishes of poor groups themselves are marginalized, which is divorced from reality and causes some mistakes and waste at the grassroots level.

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, a certain place in the west developed 15,000 mu of honeysuckle introduced from the north with the investment of 430 yuan per mu. According to the original idea of producing at least 100 kg of dried flowers per mu, it can produce more than 750 tons of dried flowers per year, but the actual output of dried flowers in the local area is less than 5 tons. One of the important reasons for the failure of honeysuckle project is that the local people are cold-shouldered against the unwilling projects by "not caring for them and ignoring them". The reporter found in the local interview that the embarrassing situation of industrial poverty alleviation even made some grassroots cadres feel big when they heard about industrial poverty alleviation, and the people were afraid when they thought of industrial poverty alleviation.

　　It is found that in some places, industrial poverty alleviation is simply equated with industrial development, while the poverty alleviation goal itself is ignored. Some cadres recommended to reporters that the industrial poverty alleviation projects they visited "look beautiful", but in-depth understanding found that these projects have little to do with real poor households. In some places, it is not uncommon for industrial poverty alleviation to "only see poor households in projects", and even the funds for poverty alleviation projects have been taken in disguise by some unscrupulous enterprises in the name of poverty alleviation. The National Audit Office found similar problems when auditing the annual poverty alleviation funds of a poverty-stricken county in western China from 2010 to 2012.

　　Third, the funding gap is large. At present, the amount of financial poverty alleviation funds is low, specifically to 680 districts and counties and 152 key counties outside the district, and the amount of funds is insufficient to support the industrial development of poor counties. Fourth, the market guarantee system is not perfect. Agriculture-related industries are greatly influenced by weather, market and other factors. At present, China’s agriculture-related insurance is seriously lacking, and poor households have great risks in developing industries.

　　Increase support and improve the security system

　　For all kinds of problems in industrial poverty alleviation, the insiders believe that we should increase financial support for industrial poverty alleviation, build an open platform for industrial poverty alleviation, and work together to build a new model of "insurance+industrial poverty alleviation" to give full play to the leading role of industry in poverty alleviation.

　　Haibo, director of the Development Guidance Department of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, and other interviewed cadres suggested that industrial poverty alleviation should be further promoted from the following three aspects: First, vigorously develop small loans for poverty alleviation. Give full play to the role and advantages of rural credit cooperatives and rural banks, provide small credit loans with a term of more than 3 years, 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, the benchmark interest rate is implemented, and the financial poverty alleviation funds will fully discount the interest, supporting the poverty-stricken households to develop industries with distinctive advantages.

　　The second is to build an open platform for industrial poverty alleviation. Sun Zhaoxia, an anti-poverty expert in guizhou minzu university, and others believe that enterprises, large households and farmers are more grounded in industrial poverty alleviation, and they should decide or discuss with them what industries to develop. The government should focus on providing public services in building industrial chains, improving infrastructure and enhancing the capabilities of poor groups. At the same time, through the establishment of the mechanism of equal participation and coordinated action of the government, enterprises, social organizations, poor groups and other subjects, the decision-making of industrial poverty alleviation will be more scientific and participatory, so as to avoid the development and failure of industrial poverty alleviation due to lack of multi-party initiative.

　　The third is to explore a new model of "insurance+industry poverty alleviation" according to local conditions. In view of the serious shortage of agriculture-related insurance in China and the great risks of poor households in developing their industries, grassroots cadres suggest that the government, commercial insurance institutions, enterprises and other stakeholders need to innovate their thinking and work together to build a new model of "insurance+industry poverty alleviation". Insurance institutions can actively promote various products such as mass agricultural product output insurance, income insurance, meteorological index insurance and price index insurance according to the regional characteristics and industrial development characteristics of poor areas; And actively build a multi-party credit risk sharing compensation mechanism of "insurance+bank+government" to solve the problems such as the absence of industrial poverty alleviation insurance.

　　"It is better to give money and things to a good branch, and the demand in many remote and poor mountainous areas is particularly urgent." A county party secretary of a poverty-stricken county in Henan said that some rural areas have no industry and are deeply mired in poverty, which is closely related to the weakness, lack of development ideas, lack of appeal and lack of motivation of grassroots organizations in these areas. He suggested that this round of industrial poverty alleviation should be combined with strengthening the construction of grassroots organizations. In particular, innovating the mode and mechanism, encouraging the development of cooperative economy that can bring collective income, and giving top priority to stimulating the enthusiasm of village-level organizations.

　　The Decision of the Ministry of Public Security on Amending the Provisions on the Application and Use of Motor Vehicle Driving License will be implemented on April 1st. Yesterday, the traffic control department made a detailed interpretation. According to the new regulations, the city will implement the detailed rules and procedures for relaxing the conditions for applying for a driver’s license, making the driver’s license examination open, delaying the physical examination age of elderly drivers, and refining the requirements for trainee drivers to go on the road.

　　Foreign driver’s license can be redeemed in Beijing.

　　In the original "Regulations on the Application and Use of Motor Vehicle Driving License", the replacement and verification of driving license should be carried out at the place where the driving license is issued. The new regulations have cancelled this provision. Holders of foreign driver’s licenses can directly apply for replacement and renewal of local driver’s licenses in this city, or they can apply for submitting physical condition certificates and driver’s licenses in this city. At the same time, people from other provinces and cities who hold the city’s driver’s license do not need to provide proof of residence or temporary residence when they apply for replacement, renewal and verification. Residents from other provinces and cities living in Beijing can apply for quasi-driving driver’s licenses such as big passengers and big goods in this city. It should be noted that the application for school bus driving qualification and initial application, application for additional driving, redemption with military driver’s license and redemption with foreign driver’s license are excluded.

　　Self-registration will be more convenient and transparent. The traffic control department opened an Internet integrated service application platform to provide students with various channels such as Internet, windows and so on. At present, there are 17 examination sites in the city that have started the work of self-appointment examination points on the Internet. Recently, all the examination venues in the city will all promote the Internet independent examination service.

　　After registering at the vehicle management office, citizens can log on to the Traffic Safety Integrated Service Management Platform (bj.122.gov.cn) of the Traffic Management Bureau, and then submit applications for replacement, renewal and physical condition certificate of motor vehicle driver’s license online, which saves running errands on the road.

　　In addition, foreigners holding "green cards" in Beijing do not need to issue proof of accommodation issued by the public security organs to apply for driver’s licenses.

　　The "annual inspection" age of driver’s license was postponed to 70 years old.

　　The new regulations relax the physical conditions for disabled people to apply for driver’s licenses. For people with monocular visual impairment, if their excellent vision is above 5.0 and their horizontal vision reaches 150 degrees, they can apply for driver’s licenses for small cars, small automatic cars, low-speed trucks, three-wheeled cars and small automatic passenger cars (C1, C2, C3, C4 and C5) for the disabled; The three fingers of the left hand are sound, and the palms of both hands are complete. You can apply for C1, C2, C3 and C4 quasi-driving licenses; Persons with disabilities in upper limbs who have one palm missing, the thumb in the other hand sound, two fingers in the other hand sound, the motor function of upper limbs and fingers normal, and the lower limbs meet the relevant regulations, may apply for a C5 driver’s license and be allowed to install special auxiliary devices.

　　In view of the frequent cancellation of driver’s license due to reasons such as exceeding the validity period of the driver’s license or failing to submit proof of physical condition, this new regulation clearly stipulates that as long as the age and physical condition meet the application criteria, you can apply to the vehicle management office for a driver’s license directly through the initial application without driving school training. The traffic control department stressed that the driver’s license was revoked or revoked.

　　For drivers who have scored 12 points or accumulated more than 24 points for more than two times in a scoring cycle, the applicant can also apply for voluntary reduction of the quasi-driving model at the time of full mark examination, and the vehicle management office will take the subject three examination according to the quasi-driving model after voluntary reduction, instead of implementing the original provisions of "taking the subject one and subject three examination according to the original quasi-driving model, and then demoting after passing the examination". After the driver’s maximum driving license is cancelled, if the driver’s application for additional driving is cancelled, as long as 12 points are not recorded in this scoring cycle and the latest scoring cycle before the application, and there is no traffic accident that causes death and bears the same responsibility, the application is allowed.

　　In addition, the age of elderly people who need to submit proof of physical condition every year will be relaxed from 60 to 70. In other words, drivers over the age of 70 need to submit proof of physical condition every year.

　　No longer take 20% car students for the night exam.

　　In the past, 20% of the students were randomly selected to take the night test in the driving test of small cars, small automatic cars, low-speed trucks and small automatic cars for the disabled. After the implementation of the new regulations, the daytime simulated lighting operation will be used instead of the night test for the above-mentioned vehicles, and the provisions for the night test for other vehicles have not changed.

　　Three kinds of violations will be detained during driving practice.

　　In the new regulations, there are also contents with stricter management standards. Earlier, some media reported that "many Chinese people went to South Korea to get a driver’s license quickly", and such a loophole could not be drilled in the future. According to the new regulations, if mainland residents apply for a driver’s license in this city with an overseas motor vehicle driver’s license, if they have resided in the country or region where the driver’s license was issued for less than three months at the time of obtaining the driver’s license, they should take the subject 1, subject 2 and subject 3 exams.

　　In addition, the punishment measures for illegal acts during learning to drive are also clarified. In the following three situations during driving practice, you will be fined heavily and detained: those who have not obtained the learning driving certificate, those whose learning driving certificate has expired, and those who practice driving on the road without the guidance of a coach will be fined more than 2,000 yuan in 200 yuan without obtaining a driver’s license, and may also be detained for less than 15 days.

　　According to the news released by @ Xi ‘an, according to the unified deployment of Xi ‘an Epidemic Prevention and Control Headquarters, from 0: 00 on December 27th, Xi ‘an further upgraded the level of prevention and control and implemented the most stringent social control measures. In order to ensure the strict implementation of relevant requirements, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, all citizens should strictly follow the requirements of the notice of the Municipal Epidemic Command, except for participating in nucleic acid sampling, and insist on staying indoors and not gathering.

　　It is necessary to keep 24-hour communication open, actively cooperate with epidemic prevention personnel and public security police, and implement measures such as household sampling, centralized isolation, emergency control, and on-site control. If you refuse to cooperate, in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment, you can be placed in administrative detention for up to 10 days and fined 500 yuan.

　　2. Whoever conceals the truth, fabricates facts, intentionally hides, refuses or hinders the investigation, resulting in the spread or risk of spread of infectious diseases and other serious consequences, will be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law on suspicion of obstructing the prevention and control of infectious diseases.

　　Iii. Anyone who disturbs the on-site order of nucleic acid sampling points, refuses to obey the on-site command of epidemic prevention and public security personnel according to the relevant provisions such as "the distance between the sampling position and the waiting position is more than 2 meters, and the distance between the queuing personnel is more than 1 meter", in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment, can be placed in administrative detention for up to 10 days and fined 500 yuan.

　　Four, the city’s party and government organs, enterprises and institutions and citizens to achieve non epidemic prevention and control and people’s livelihood security vehicles are not allowed to go on the road.

　　The public security and epidemic prevention and control departments will strictly inspect the vehicles and personnel on the road. Anyone who refuses to carry out the requirements of the notice and goes on the road in violation of regulations will be subject to administrative detention for up to 10 days and a fine of 500 yuan in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Public Security Administration Punishment.

　　Five, colleges and universities, supermarkets, convenience stores, farmers’ markets, medical institutions, logistics delivery places and other units, not according to the requirements of the notice to perform the main responsibility, resulting in consequences, in accordance with the provisions of the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Infectious Disease Prevention Law", "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law" and "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Criminal Law", the relevant units and responsible persons shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.

　　Six, other illegal acts, such as refusing to implement the decisions and orders of epidemic prevention and control, disturbing the order of public places, provoking troubles, driving up prices, preventing epidemic prevention and control staff from performing their duties according to law, shall be punished in accordance with the "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Public Security Management Punishment Law" and other relevant laws and regulations. If the circumstances are serious enough to constitute a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Seven, in the social management and control work, the relevant staff should adhere to the people-oriented, actively help people solve practical difficulties in life, and shall not take the simple way of locking fire exits such as unit doors to control.

Original insight

Author: insight yangtuo

Live to be your own sun.

A word has been popular in the past two years: emotional value.

Anyone who can’t provide emotional value will be labeled as "unworthy of association".

But when we repeatedly ask others to provide emotional value, we will find that there are very few people who can really give themselves enough emotional support.

Everyone’s energy is limited, no one will always listen to you, and no one will always solve your worries.

Emotional value, in the final analysis, depends on yourself.

01

"Memoirs of Wang Zengqi" has such a character-rash fellow.

Errash fellow is from Fuping. Although he is only a handyman in the art troupe, almost everyone in the troupe is "impressed" by him.

Because he has an obvious feature: he loves to complain.

In 1937, Japanese soldiers burned and robbed in Fuping, his parents were killed and his sister was spoiled.

Cruel blow, directly shot him down to the abyss.

At a conference, he began to tell his misfortune, and when he said it, he burst into tears and cried.

Many people were moved by it and sent it to comfort and encourage them.

But then every time we met, he would talk about it and cry his heart out every time.

Those who have comforted him have long been tired of listening, and began to say that he was unlucky. In the end, they even ignored him and hid when they saw him.

Imagine, who wants to let an emotional black hole tear their energy every day?

Life is not easy, everyone has their own grievances and boredom.

As soon as you encounter pain, you want to get comfort from others. Over time, others will naturally feel disgusted and disgusted.

The emotional value of others is limited after all, and no one will always support you.

In the world of adults, we are happy and sad, and we know ourselves well.

Learning to provide emotional value for yourself is the best salvation.

02

There is a scene in the novel Fortress Besieged that has impressed me so far:

When Fang Hung-chien was heartbroken, he asked his friends to drink to relieve boredom.

But instead of getting the expected comfort, he was ridiculed by his friends:

"It’s really a mountain out of a molehill to be so cynical for a young girl."

Fang Hung-chien was surprised at first, then angry, but finally chose silence.

The joys and sorrows of people are not connected.

Trying to get emotional comfort from others is mostly perfunctory and incomprehensible.

When the freelance writer canoe first entered the workplace, he was under great pressure at work, and something happened at home. During that time, he was very depressed.

For several nights, she tossed and turned and couldn’t sleep, just looking for someone to talk to.

Finally, once, she got up the courage to open WeChat and sent a long message to her best friend, complaining about her troubles at home while pouring out her troubles at work.

After waiting for a long time, my girlfriend replied faintly: I was just busy, don’t think too much, just sleep.

At first glance, the canoe collapsed even more.

Unwilling, she called another old classmate again, but the other party disagreed: What a big deal …

Hearing this, the canoe was very sad, but it had to hang up silently.

To oneself is a great pain, but to others is dust that can be brushed away at will.

I always expect someone to comfort me when I am sad, and someone to encourage me when I am down.

But in the end, I found that there is no empathy in the world.

No matter when and where, your joy and your sorrow are not cared by so many people.

Life is your own, and your emotions can only be cured by yourself.

03

The cartoonist Lu Yishan shared an experience with her.

She was subjected to violence on campus and was isolated by many classmates.

Even with my roommate in the dormitory, I don’t want to have dinner with her.

In this isolated state, the whole person in Lushan is lifeless, unable to eat every day, and his mood is on the verge of collapse several times.

But even so, no one cares about her.

She can only talk to her former friends one by one, hoping to get a little encouragement and relief.

Unexpectedly, her friends didn’t care about her situation at all, but scoffed and thought she was making a mountain out of a molehill.

At this point, she no longer mentioned it to anyone.

In order to cheer herself up, she spent all her spare time on painting, and ran to the studio after class to set up a drawing board.

Feel the inner peace in every line sketch; In each color rendering, re-inject joy into your life.

In this way, relying on one painting after another, she finally got out of that unbearable time.

Think of a passage in "skins": when you often can’t stand it, you also want to find a backer.

But you will find that some mountains are full of thorns, and some mountains are full of wild animals …

Therefore, you should be your own mountain.

Grievances don’t have to be complained to everyone; Pain doesn’t have to be told to everyone.

Do more high-energy things, don’t be negative-energy people, and nourish your emotions, so that you can save yourself from fire and water again and again.

04

Cheng Lin, a well-known leadership coach, had a very bad time.

Because the new project in the company didn’t go well, she began to be passive and complain everywhere.

At a class reunion, she couldn’t help complaining to a few close friends.

"It’s too bad for me. The resource allocation of the project manager is uneven, and the professionalism of my colleagues is not enough. I don’t know how long the project will be delayed …"

At first, friends echoed a few words of comfort, but Cheng Lin talked more and more, but they gradually became silent.

It turns out that a friend has just been laid off and still doesn’t know where to go; A friend hasn’t received a project for several months …

I thought I was the only one who was unfortunate, but I never thought that everyone had their own difficulties.

So she stopped looking for comfort everywhere, but silently encouraged herself and cheered for herself.

If the project is stuck, actively look for problems; When you encounter difficulties, you will solve them with your colleagues.

Finally, the project was not only successfully completed, but also praised by the leaders for the first time.

Psychologist Christopher Meng said: All sources of energy come from yourself.

In this bizarre society, everyone is busy.

Want to comfort, maybe others are also being hit; Expect emotional resonance, and others may be suffering from severe pain.

It’s better to heal yourself than to seek for his healing.

Keep a positive attitude and live as your own sun.

Even if life is bleak, I believe you can continue to provide emotional support for yourself, cross the trough and move on.

▽

The novel The Ferryman says: If life is a lonely river, who will be the ferryman of your soul?

The answer is: myself.

The emotional value of adults can only be given to themselves.

Sad mood, comfort yourself; Words can’t describe the pain, licking yourself.

Stay optimistic and accept everything.

Original title: "The emotional value of adults is given by themselves."

Read the original text

1905 movie network news The film released a poster of the New Year’s Wish Edition, which was produced and directed by Mai Yonglei, Fran Borgia and Liang Fuchao, starring Mark Lee, Guo Liang, Zhu Mimi, Didas, Zhu Houren, Huang Jiaqiang and Xie Yingwei, and specially performed by Zhu Zhewei and Huang Jingling.

Previously, the exposure of the film materials set off a heated discussion among the audience: "I feel very substituted and I am homesick after reading it." "The strongest background sound of the New Year, the atmosphere of the Spring Festival is full!" "It is very suitable for watching the Spring Festival and cloud reunion film certification." At present, the "Reunion Dinner" has been online.

The theme of reunion is full of warmth. The reunion film is warm and online.

With the continuous development of online movies, the theme is also constantly innovating. The movie "Reunion Dinner" combines laughter and tears. Through this setting, it tries to broaden the ideas and boundaries of online movies. The new year’s wish poster released on January 27, in terms of picture presentation, is also in contrast with the temperament conveyed by traditional online movies. In addition to being funny, it also conveys the emotional core of the heart.

The poster is full of flavor, imagining the desire to spend the Spring Festival with family members, and expressing the desire for reunion, which causes the audience to think about reunion: the reunion dinner actually doesn’t care what to eat, and being able to be with family members is reunion. The movie "Reunion Dinner" chose to meet you during the Spring Festival, which is more like a heavy gift. Perhaps many viewers choose to go home for the New Year this year, hoping to solve the misunderstanding with their families and exchange emotions for emotions through the time of a movie. Perhaps there are still many viewers who can’t go home this year, hoping to promote the reunion with their families and alleviate the regret of not being able to get together.

Six must-see points for reunion in the Spring Festival should not be missed.

The word-of-mouth response of the movie "Reunion Dinner" benefited from the resonance of the theme of reunion whether to go home this year, which wiped out the audience who returned home and did not return home. Six highlights of the film are selected, and the first choice for the New Year should not be missed.

Aspect 1: Spring Festival party is a must-see for the whole family. In recent years, watching a Spring Festival movie with family during the Spring Festival has become a new folk custom with a great sense of ceremony. The movie "Reunion Dinner" begins with the sudden arrival of my father-in-law as the Spring Festival approaches. After a series of ironic stories, my family finally got over the estrangement and spent the holiday together. Reunion is the first choice, and the family will watch it together to unite the good times of the New Year!

Aspect 2: Laughter bombing the Spring Festival intensively. Have you ever seen renting your family home for the New Year? The lack of rehearsals by fake families has led to farce, a variety of funny plots are seamlessly connected, and dialects from all walks of life have come one after another. Homophonic stalks and rap stalks are staged in fancy, which is full of fun and adds to the flavor of the year. The farce of the Spring Festival is on the rise, with the strongest background sound of the Spring Festival. Family gatherings must be watched, and reunion and laughter come together!

Aspect 3: Full-screen beauty is immersed in cloud travel. Singapore, as the location of this film, really presented a cloud tour for everyone. Famous landmarks in Singapore frequently appeared, and travel was restricted during the Spring Festival? Take you to unlock the tourist destination and reach your destination ahead — — Singapore. Travel around without leaving home, and gather in the clouds to enjoy the beautiful scenery!

Aspect 4: Tiannanhaibei food feast. The film gathers local delicacies, which is full of sincerity, such as braised pork with plum vegetables, raw fish, fresh abalone, Su Dongzai … … Bring a real reunion dinner to the audience! A dazzling array of delicious food not only makes people feast their eyes, but also adds to the atmosphere of the Spring Festival.

Aspect 5, the first choice to miss your loved ones. In the past two years, reunion has become more and more difficult. Many people choose to spend the New Year in the local area and cannot reunite with their families. The film focuses on family issues. If you miss your family, if you have misunderstandings with your loved ones, let a "Reunion Dinner" solve your worries and let a movie fill the regrets between families.

Aspect six, leading the online Spring Festival file, praised by overseas word of mouth. The movie "Reunion Dinner" was first shown in the cinema in Singapore, and landed strongly on the domestic iQiyi platform. It was praised: "The film temperament of warm heart and healing has brought great spiritual comfort to those who can’t go home." As a real online Spring Festival film in this schedule, the focus on reunion is particularly eye-catching. In particular, the emotional theme of the film conveys: "Once a year, don’t leave regrets." Show all Chinese people’s greatest emotional sustenance and expectation for the Spring Festival, reunion and future life after a busy year.

Raising interest rates is an important measure in the economic and financial fields.Simply put, raising interest rates means that the central bank raises the benchmark interest rate, which makes the borrowing cost rise.

Raising interest rates has many effects on the economy. First of all, in terms of consumption, due to the increase in borrowing costs, consumers may reduce large-scale consumption, such as buying houses and cars, which will curb consumer demand to some extent.

In the investment field, raising interest rates will increase the financing cost of enterprises, which may reduce the investment projects of enterprises, especially those industries that are sensitive to the cost of capital.

For the real estate market, raising interest rates usually leads to an increase in mortgage interest rates, which increases the repayment burden of buyers, thus curbing the demand for home purchases and may lead to the adjustment of house prices.

In terms of savings, raising interest rates will increase the income of savings, which may attract more people to choose savings instead of venture capital.

The impact of raising interest rates on financial markets is also quite significant. In the stock market, due to the rising cost of enterprises, profits may be compressed, and the valuation of stocks may decline, resulting in poor overall performance of the stock market.

In the bond market, the interest rate of newly issued bonds will rise, resulting in a decline in the price of issued bonds.

In the foreign exchange market, raising interest rates usually makes the domestic currency appreciate, because higher interest rates will attract more foreign capital inflows.

Here is a table to show more clearly the impact of interest rate hikes on different aspects:

It should be noted that the impact of interest rate increase is not absolute and isolated, but also affected by a variety of other factors, such as the overall economic situation, policy consistency, market expectations and so on.

In a word, raising interest rates is one of the important means for the central bank to regulate the economic and financial markets, and its influence is extensive and complex, which needs to be analyzed and judged by considering various factors comprehensively.

[Disclaimer] This article only represents the author’s own views and has nothing to do with Hexun. Hexun.com is neutral about the statements and opinions in this article, and does not provide any express or implied guarantee for the accuracy, reliability or completeness of the contents. Readers are requested for reference only, and please take full responsibility. Email: news_center@staff.hexun.com.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, June 14th Comprehensive Xinhua News Agency reporters abroad reported that two oil tankers were attacked and exploded in the Gulf of Oman on the 13th, and a fire broke out on board. The truth about this incident is confusing. The United States accuses Iran of creating this attack, and Iran’s refutation of the American accusation is groundless. The United Nations and some countries have warned that the world cannot afford serious confrontation in the Gulf region and called on all parties concerned to make efforts to ease the situation.

　　US Secretary of State Pompeo told reporters in the State Council on the 13th that the US government has assessed that Iran should be responsible for the attacks on two oil tankers. The US made this judgment based on factors such as "the intelligence obtained by the US, the weapons used in the attack, the professional skills needed to launch the attack, and the recent similar attacks by Iran on shipping". However, Pompeo did not provide concrete evidence to support his assertion.

　　Iranian Foreign Minister Zarif issued a message on social media Twitter on the 14th, saying that the US accusation against Iran is groundless and its purpose is to discredit Iran. "The United States immediately came to the conclusion that it accused Iran (causing trouble) without facts or tangible evidence", which is "‘ Defamation diplomacy ’ The intention is to cover up their attack on Iran through economic terrorism. "

　　UN Secretary-General Guterres strongly condemned the oil tanker attack in the Gulf of Oman. Speaking at the public meeting of "Cooperation between the United Nations and regional and sub-regional organizations: League of Arab States" held by the UN Security Council on the 13th, he said: "I strongly condemn any attack on civilian ships, and we must find out the facts and clarify the responsibilities." He said that the world cannot afford serious confrontation in the Gulf region.

　　The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Qatar issued a statement on the evening of 13th, condemning the oil tanker attack in the Gulf of Oman. The statement warned that this incident will damage the security of the Gulf and even the Middle East, and seriously threaten the security of international trade. The statement called on all parties to exercise restraint and conduct an international emergency investigation as soon as possible to find out the truth of the incident.

　　Anwar Gargia, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs of the United Arab Emirates, posted on social media on 14th that the oil tanker attack in the Gulf of Oman worried all parties and was a "dangerous escalation" of the current security situation in the Gulf. He called on all parties concerned to show their wisdom in dealing with the crisis, shoulder common responsibilities and avoid further deterioration and escalation of tensions.

　　German Foreign Minister Maas told reporters on the 13th that this incident is very worrying. The current situation in the Gulf region is already very tense, and the incident may lead to an escalation of tension in the region. He called on all parties concerned to contribute to easing the situation.

　　Awad, former chairman of Oman Journalists Association, said in an interview that the oil tanker attack in the Gulf of Oman will put the relationship between the United States and Iran in a more dangerous state, which will not only damage the security and stability of the Gulf region, but also have a negative impact on global economic development.

　　Hani, an associate professor of political science at Qaboos University in Oman, said that although no one has claimed responsibility for the incident, it is certain that an invisible hand is manipulating the incident with the aim of deliberately creating regional tensions and undermining regional security. (Participating in reporters: Ma Xiao, Mu Dong, Liu Chen, Xu Xiaolei, Ren Ke, Bird, Yang Yuanyong, Su Xiaopo)

Cctv newsAccording to the news of official website, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, on February 11th, the Banking Insurance Regulatory Commission of China and the People’s Bank of China formulated the Measures for the Risk Classification of Financial Assets of Commercial Banks, which was reviewed and adopted by the first committee meeting of the Banking Insurance Regulatory Commission of China in 2020 on March 17th, 2020. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force on July 1st, 2023.

Measures for risk classification of financial assets of commercial banks

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 In order to promote commercial banks to accurately assess credit risks and truly reflect the quality of financial assets, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Banking Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Commercial Bank Law and other laws and regulations.

Article 2 These Measures shall apply to commercial banks established in People’s Republic of China (PRC) according to law.

Article 3 Commercial banks shall classify the financial assets that bear credit risks on their balance sheets, including but not limited to loans, bonds and other investments, interbank assets, receivables, etc. If credit risk is assumed in off-balance-sheet items, risk classification shall be carried out according to the relevant requirements of on-balance-sheet assets.

Financial assets under the trading books of commercial banks and related assets formed by derivative transactions are not included in these Measures.

Article 4 The term "risk classification" as mentioned in these Measures refers to the behavior of commercial banks to classify financial assets into different grades according to the degree of risk.

Article 5 Commercial banks shall classify risks according to the following principles:

(1) The principle of authenticity. Risk classification should truly and accurately reflect the risk level of financial assets.

(2) The principle of timeliness. Adjust the classification results in a timely and dynamic manner according to the debtor’s performance ability and the risk changes of financial assets.

(3) The principle of prudence. If the risk classification of financial assets is uncertain, the classification level should be determined from low.

(4) the principle of independence. The risk classification of financial assets depends on the independent judgment of commercial banks under the premise of complying with laws and regulations.

Chapter II Risk Classification

Article 6 Financial assets are divided into five categories according to the degree of risk, namely normal category, concern category, secondary category, doubtful category and loss category, and the latter three categories are collectively called non-performing assets.

(1) Normal category: the debtor can perform the contract, and there is no objective evidence that the principal, interest or income cannot be paid in full and on time.　

(II) Concern category: Although there are some factors that may adversely affect the performance of the contract, the debtor is currently able to repay the principal, interest or income.

(3) Sub-category: the debtor is unable to pay the principal, interest or income in full, or the financial assets have suffered credit impairment.

(4) Suspicious category: the debtor has been unable to fully repay the principal, interest or income, and the financial assets have suffered significant credit impairment.

(5) Loss category: After taking all possible measures, only a small part of financial assets can be recovered, or all financial assets can be lost.

The credit impairment of financial assets mentioned in the preceding paragraph means that according to the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No.22 — — Recognition and Measurement of Financial Instruments (Cai Shui [2017] No.7) Article 40, the valuation of financial assets is adjusted downward due to the deterioration of the debtor’s credit status.

Article 7 When a commercial bank classifies the risks of non-retail assets, it should strengthen the analysis of the debtor’s first repayment source, focus on evaluating the debtor’s performance ability, focus on the debtor’s financial status, repayment willingness and repayment record, and consider the overdue days of financial assets, guarantee and other factors. If the debtor is a member of an enterprise group, the classification of its debts as non-performing does not necessarily lead to the classification of other members as non-performing. However, commercial banks should start the evaluation procedure in time, carefully evaluate the influence of this member on other members, and decide whether to adjust the risk classification of the creditor’s rights of other members according to the evaluation results.

If more than 10% of the creditor’s rights of a commercial bank to a non-retail debtor in the bank are classified as bad, all the creditor’s rights of the debtor in the bank shall be classified as bad. Except for the credit enhancement method approved by the financial management department of the State Council.

Article 8 When a commercial bank classifies retail assets, it may, on the basis of carefully evaluating the debtor’s performance ability and willingness to pay, classify individual assets one by one according to the transaction characteristics, guarantee situation, loss degree and other factors.

Retail assets include personal loans, credit card loans and claims of small and micro enterprises. Among them, personal loans, credit card loans, and small and micro enterprise loans can be classified by the off-date method.

Article 9 The same creditor’s right shall not be divided and classified, except under the circumstances stipulated in Article 16 of these Measures.

Article 10 A commercial bank shall at least classify financial assets that meet one of the following conditions as concerns:

(a) the principal, interest or income is overdue, except for short-term overdue caused by operational or technical reasons (within 7 days);

(2) changing the use of funds without the consent of the commercial bank;

(3) Repaying by borrowing new loans or by other debt financing methods, except bonds and qualified small and micro enterprises’ loan renewal business;

(4) The debts of the same non-retail debtor in the Bank or other banks are bad.

Article 11 A commercial bank shall at least classify financial assets that meet one of the following conditions as sub-categories:

(a) the principal, interest or income is overdue for more than 90 days;

(2) The financial assets have suffered credit impairment;

(3) The external rating of the debtor or financial assets is greatly lowered, resulting in a significant decline in the debtor’s performance ability;

(4) Among the debts of all banks of the same non-retail debtor, the debts overdue for more than 90 days have exceeded 20%.

Article 12 A commercial bank shall at least classify financial assets that meet one of the following conditions as suspicious:

(a) the principal, interest or income is overdue for more than 270 days;

(2) The debtor evades bank debts;

(3) The financial asset has suffered credit impairment, and the expected credit loss accounts for more than 50% of its book balance.

Article 13 A commercial bank shall classify financial assets that meet one of the following conditions as losses:

(a) the principal, interest or income is overdue for more than 360 days;

(2) The debtor has entered the bankruptcy liquidation procedure;

(3) The financial asset has suffered credit impairment, and the expected credit loss accounts for more than 90% of its book balance.

Article 14 When a commercial bank upgrades its non-performing assets to normal or concern category, it shall conform to the definition of normal or concern category and meet the following requirements at the same time:

(1) All overdue creditor’s rights and related expenses have been paid, and they have been paid normally for at least two consecutive repayment periods or six months (whichever is longer);

(2) After assessment, it is considered that the debtor can continue to perform the contract normally in the future;

(3) The debtor has no financial assets with credit impairment in the Bank.

Among them, personal loans, credit card loans and small and micro enterprise loans can be raised according to the requirements of the delinquent method.

Article 15 If the debt repayment subject changes due to mergers and acquisitions, the risk classification of related financial assets of the acquirer and the acquired party shall not be raised within 6 months, and the non-performing financial assets shall not be included in the index calculation of relevant clauses such as Article 7, Article 10 (4) and Article 11 (4).

After six months, commercial banks should re-evaluate the risk status of debtors and classify all their claims. If the non-performing assets are upgraded to normal or concerned categories, the relevant requirements of Article 14 shall be met.

Article 16 When a commercial bank classifies the risks of the invested asset management products or asset securitization products, it should penetrate into the underlying assets and classify the risks according to the risk status of the underlying assets. For products that cannot completely penetrate into the underlying assets, the product risk classification should be determined according to the assets with the worst risk classification among the penetrable underlying assets.

For credit asset securitization products based on retail assets and non-performing assets, layered credit asset securitization products and other products recognized by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, commercial banks should classify the risks of products according to the expected profit and loss of investment on the basis of comprehensive assessment of the risk status of the final debtor and the characteristics of structured products.

Chapter III Risk Classification of Restructured Assets

Article 17 Restructured assets refer to financial assets that are made by commercial banks to facilitate the debtor’s adjustment of debt contracts or provide refinancing for the debtor’s existing debts due to the debtor’s financial difficulties, including borrowing new ones to repay the old ones and financing new debts.

The existing contract gives the debtor the right to change the terms or refinance independently, and if the debtor exercises this right due to financial difficulties, the relevant assets also belong to reorganization assets.

Article 18 The financial difficulties of the debtor include the following situations:

(1) The principal, interest or income are overdue;

(2) Although the principal, interest or income are not overdue, but the debtor’s debt paying ability declines, the estimated cash flow is insufficient to perform the contract, and the debt may be overdue;

(3) The debtor’s debts have been classified as bad;

(4) The debtor is unable to raise funds at fair market prices in other banks;

(5) The securities publicly issued by the debtor have the risk of delisting, or are in the process of delisting, or have been delisted, and have a significant adverse impact on the debtor’s performance ability;

(6) Other circumstances identified by the commercial bank.

Article 19 Contract adjustment includes the following situations:

(1) Extension;

(2) A grace repayment plan for principal and interest;

(3) Adding or extending the grace period;

(4) interest is converted into principal;

(5) Reducing the interest rate so that the debtor can obtain a more favorable interest rate than the fair interest rate;

(6) allowing the debtor to reduce the repayment of principal, interest or related expenses;

(7) Release part of the collateral, or replace the existing collateral with the collateral with poor quality;

(8) replacement;

(nine) other measures to relax the terms of the contract.

Article 20 A commercial bank shall set a reorganization observation period for the restructured assets. The observation period shall be calculated from the first repayment date agreed upon after the adjustment of the contract, and shall include at least two consecutive repayment periods, and shall not be less than one year. At the end of the observation period, if the debtor has solved the financial difficulties and repaid in full and on time according to the contract during the observation period, the relevant assets may no longer be recognized as reorganization assets.

If the debtor fails to solve the financial difficulties at the end of the observation period, the observation period shall be recalculated. If the debtor fails to repay the loan in full and on time during the observation period, the observation period shall be recalculated from the point of non-performance.

Article 21 Commercial banks should accurately judge the financial difficulties of debtors and classify them in strict accordance with these Measures. Assets that were normal or concerned before reorganization, as well as refinancing of existing debts, should be at least classified as concerned after reorganization; Those who meet the criteria for determining non-performing assets during the observation period should be downgraded to non-performing assets and the observation period should be recalculated; If it meets the requirements of Article 14 after being identified as non-performing assets during the observation period, it can be upgraded to the category of concern.

Before the reorganization, it was a sub-category, a suspicious category or a loss category, and if it meets the requirements of Article 14 during the observation period, it can be upgraded to a concern category; If the asset quality continues to deteriorate during the observation period, the classification should be further lowered and the observation period should be recalculated.

Article 22 During the observation period of reorganization, if the debtor fails to repay in full and on time as agreed in the contract, or if the financial situation has not improved despite the full repayment, the assets reorganized again shall be at least classified as sub-category, and the observation period shall be recalculated.

Article 23 Financial assets or refinancing made by a commercial bank on a debt contract are not reorganization assets when the debtor is not in financial difficulties.

Chapter IV Risk Classification Management

Article 24 These Measures are the minimum requirements for risk classification of financial assets. Commercial banks should improve the classification system and refine the classification methods according to the actual situation, but they shall not be lower than the standards and requirements set forth in these Measures, and have a clear correspondence and conversion relationship with the risk classification methods in these Measures. Commercial banks shall, within 30 days after formulating or revising the risk classification system of financial assets, report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices for the record.

Article 25 Commercial banks should improve the governance structure of risk classification management of financial assets, and clarify the risk classification responsibilities of the board of directors, senior management and relevant departments.

Article 26 The board of directors shall bear the ultimate responsibility for the risk classification results of financial assets and supervise the senior management to perform the risk classification duties.

Article 27 The senior management shall formulate a risk classification system for financial assets, promote the implementation of risk classification, ensure that the classification results are true and effective, and report to the board of directors regularly.

Article 28 The contents of the risk classification management system of financial assets include but are not limited to classification flow, division of responsibilities, classification standards, classification methods, internal audit, risk monitoring, statistical reports and information disclosure.

Article 29 A commercial bank shall make clear the risk classification methods of various financial assets according to the information such as the types of financial assets, counterparty types, product structure characteristics, historical default and the characteristics of its asset portfolio. Once the classification method is determined, it should remain relatively stable.

Article 30 Commercial banks should improve the risk classification process of financial assets, clarify the three-level procedures of "initial classification, identification and approval", strengthen the management requirements of each link, establish an effective balance mechanism, and ensure the independence of the classification process and the accuracy and objectivity of the classification results.

Article 31 A commercial bank shall classify the risks of all financial assets at least once every quarter. If the debtor’s financial situation or factors affecting debt repayment have changed significantly, the risk classification should be adjusted in time.

Article 32 A commercial bank shall conduct an internal audit on the risk classification system, procedures and implementation at least once a year, and the audit results shall be reported in writing to the board of directors in time and submitted to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices.

Article 33 Commercial banks should develop and continuously improve information systems related to financial asset risk classification to meet the requirements of risk management and prudential supervision.

Article 34 Commercial banks should strengthen the monitoring, analysis and early warning of financial asset risks, dynamically monitor the risk distribution and risk changes, deeply analyze the risk sources and migration trends, and take preventive measures in time according to the risk status.

Article 35 A commercial bank shall disclose the risk classification methods, procedures and results of financial assets, as well as information such as loss provision and loss write-off in a timely manner in accordance with the relevant information disclosure provisions.

Article 36 Commercial banks should continuously strengthen the management of risk classification files of financial assets to ensure the accuracy, continuity and completeness of classified information.

Chapter V Supervision and Administration

Article 37 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices shall supervise and inspect the risk classification of financial assets of commercial banks in accordance with the provisions of these Measures, and take corresponding regulatory measures.

Article 38 Commercial banks shall submit statistical statements and analysis reports related to the risk classification of financial assets to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices in accordance with regulations.

Commercial banks should report the classified management of financial assets risk in the previous year to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices within 30 working days at the beginning of each year.

Article 39 A commercial bank shall promptly report to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices the major issues related to the risk classification of financial assets.

Article 40 China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices shall regularly or irregularly evaluate the risk classification management status and effect of financial assets of commercial banks. At the same time, the evaluation opinions will be fed back to the board of directors and senior management of commercial banks, and the evaluation results will be used as an important reference for regulatory rating.

Article 41 If a commercial bank violates the regulatory requirements for risk classification, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices may take the following measures:

(1) Prudent talks with the board of directors and senior management of commercial banks;

(2) Issuing supervision opinions, including the problems existing in the risk classification management of financial assets of commercial banks, rectification opinions within a time limit and the corrective measures to be taken;

(3) Require commercial banks to strengthen the risk classification management of financial assets, formulate feasible rectification plans, and report them to China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices for the record;

(four) according to the degree of violation of its provisions and regulatory capital requirements;

(5) Ordering commercial banks to take effective measures to mitigate the risks of financial assets.

Article 42 Where a commercial bank violates the regulatory requirements stipulated in these Measures, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched offices may take regulatory measures or impose administrative penalties in accordance with the Banking Supervision Law of the People’s Republic of China and other laws and regulations in addition to the measures stipulated in Article 41 of these Measures.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 43 For commercial banks that have implemented the advanced capital measurement method, the stable correspondence between the risk classification standard and the definition of default in the internal evaluation system should be made clear.

Article 44 A commercial bank may determine the risk classification of credit card loans and eligible small and micro enterprises’ loan renewal businesses in accordance with relevant regulations.

Where there are other provisions on risk classification of financial assets in China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, such provisions shall apply.

Article 45 The State Development Bank, policy banks, rural cooperative banks, rural banks, rural credit cooperatives and branches of foreign banks, and other banking financial institutions supervised by China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission and its dispatched institutions shall be implemented with reference to these Measures. Where there are other provisions, those provisions shall prevail.

Forty-sixth approach by the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission in conjunction with the people’s Bank of China is responsible for the interpretation of.

Article 47 These Measures shall come into force as of July 1, 2023.

Article 48 The new business of commercial banks since July 1, 2023 shall be classified according to the requirements of these Measures. For businesses that occurred before July 1, 2023, commercial banks should formulate a reclassification plan, and before December 31, 2025, all existing businesses should be reclassified in a quarterly and step-by-step manner according to the requirements of these Measures. Encourage qualified commercial banks to complete the reclassification of stock business ahead of schedule. During the transition period, the stock businesses that have not been reclassified in accordance with these Measures shall be classified in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Guidelines on Loan Risk Classification (No.54 [2007] of the Banking Regulatory Commission).

On August 17th, 2022, the Second Yangtze River Delta Urban Digital Transformation and Innovation Forum was successfully held under the guidance of Shanghai Economic and Information Technology Commission, sponsored by the Yangtze River Delta Industry and Information Technology Development Research Alliance (the Yangtze River Delta Branch of the Industry and Information Technology Think Tank Alliance), co-organized by China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. and hosted by Shanghai Economic and Information Technology Development Research Center.

The theme of this forum is "Urban Digitalization-Assisted Integration", which combines the competent authorities of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai and Anhui governments, industry experts and scholars, and digital construction benchmarking enterprises, from the interpretation of government macro-policies, the consultation suggestions of the Tenth Five-Year Plan to the successful implementation cases of digital cities; From the big data, meta-universe, artificial intelligence, digital twins and other new generation digital technology innovations applied to the "urban digital transformation" construction and other directions, we will give lectures, discuss exchanges, ask questions about difficulties, and meet needs. It aims to aim at the characteristics and trends of future digital cities, continuously promote and promote the coordination of industrial economy, the integration of social life, and the fine and standardized urban governance, and promote the construction of smart urban agglomerations in the Yangtze River Delta and the integration and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta.

Meeting site

Zhang Zhengqing, deputy general manager of China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. and vice president of China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Research Institute, delivered a keynote speech on "Digitally Empowering the New Development of the Yangtze River Delta Demonstration Zone" at the meeting, introducing China Unicom’s technological innovation and practical application in building a digital Yangtze River Delta. He said that China Unicom will focus on the digital economy, strengthen the leading role of information technology innovation, accelerate the construction of new information infrastructure, create a pioneering zone for digital transformation and development, and provide new kinetic energy for the development of regional digital economy. As an operator, China Unicom will focus on five main businesses, and join hands with industry ecological partners in a more open, intelligent and innovative manner to contribute its due strength to the digital transformation in the Yangtze River Delta region.

 Zhang Zhengqing, deputy general manager of Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. and vice president of Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Research Institute, delivered a keynote speech.

Sun Shengting, deputy general manager of China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd., delivered a keynote speech on "Global Perception of Internet of Things, Helping Urban Digital Transformation, Intelligent Change and Upgrade", introducing Shanghai Unicom’s "big connection" capability, 5G private network capability and metro Internet of Things perception cloud platform, and sharing China Unicom’s practice and achievements in urban digital transformation. In the future, China Unicom will make use of its extensive and stable network and efficient operation capability to establish mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation relations with its partners, jointly develop ecological and business systems, realize the dual drive of capacity building and industry ecology, and promote digital transformation and development.

Sun Shengting, Deputy General Manager of China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. delivered a keynote speech.

Sun Shengting, deputy general manager of China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. participated in the round-table forum, and discussed with the guests the difficulties, hot spots and solutions in the process of digital transformation and smart city construction and implementation of digital technology in the Yangtze River Delta. It is pointed out that in the process of building a smart city, it is difficult for a single technology to carry the task of digital transformation. We need to integrate computing power, cloud, Internet of Things, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technologies to improve the digital base capacity of the city, carry out digital governance, provide digital services and realize digital operation. Among them, computing power is the key development field in the future. Based on the efficient scheduling of computing power network, it adapts to massive data fusion processing to provide more efficient computing power services and better empower the digital transformation of government, enterprises, people’s livelihood and other fields. In addition, in the process of city-oriented digitalization, a small number of data samples are difficult to support the volume of a digital city, and massive data collection is needed. Based on Unicom network, Internet of Things connection and equipment management capabilities, an integrated solution of Internet of Things+Digital Connection+Zhilian is created to realize standardized access, aggregation and unified management of urban mass sensing terminals, and work together with ecological partners to accelerate the digital transformation of urban cities.

Sun Shengting, deputy general manager of China Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. made a round-table speech.

At the same time, the forum held an award ceremony for the 2021 smart city construction selection in the Yangtze River Delta, and Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. won the "Excellent Organization Award", "Outstanding Contribution Award" and "Typical Case Award".

"Excellent Organization Award" for Smart City Construction in Yangtze River Delta in 2021

"Outstanding Contribution Award" for Smart City Construction in Yangtze River Delta in 2021

 "Typical Case Award" for Smart City Construction in Yangtze River Delta in 2021

Unicom (Shanghai) Industrial Internet Co., Ltd. will give full play to Unicom’s advantages in resources and technology, as always, actively explore and innovate, deepen the key areas of digital transformation, build a solid foundation for the development of digital economy, and strive to be the national team for the operation and service of digital information infrastructure, the main force for the construction of a smart society in digital China, a network power, and the vanguard of digital technology integration and innovation, so as to contribute Unicom’s wisdom to promoting the digital transformation of cities in the Yangtze River Delta.

(Source: Unicom Shanghai Industrial Internet Company)