Thousands of kilometers away, quantum entanglement is still there. China experiment answers Einstein’s puzzle
China continues to lead in quantum communication research.

　

　　On June 16th, Chinese scientists took the lead in successfully realizing the two-way quantum entanglement distribution between the satellite and the ground in the world by using the "Mozi" quantum science experimental satellite, and on this basis, they realized the nonlocality test of quantum mechanics that strictly met the "Einstein localization condition" on the spatial scale, which laid a reliable technical foundation for the future experimental research on large-scale quantum networks and quantum communication, as well as the experimental test of the basic principles of physics such as general relativity and quantum gravity in outer space.

　

This achievement was made by a research team composed of Pan Jianwei, a professor at China University of Science and Technology, and Peng Chengzhi, a colleague, in collaboration with Wang Jianyu Research Group of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, National Astronomical Observatory, Purple Mountain Observatory, National Space Science Center, etc., with the support of the strategic pilot science and technology project of space science of China Academy of Sciences. On the same day, relevant achievements were published in the international authoritative academic journal Science in the form of cover papers.

　

Two entangled quanta, no matter how far apart, can affect each other instantly.

　

On August 16th, 2016, China successfully launched the first quantum science experimental satellite "Mozi", which is one of the first scientific experimental satellites in the space science pilot project of China Academy of Sciences.

　

Quantum is the smallest and indivisible unit of energy in the physical world. Quantum entanglement is one of the two wonderful properties of quantum. "It is a quantum state composed of two (or more) particles. No matter how far apart the particles are, measuring one of them will inevitably affect other particles. Two entangled quanta are like a pair of telepathic twins. No matter how far apart they are, on the order of thousands of kilometers or more, as long as the state of one of them changes, the state of the other person will also change. " Pan Jianwei said, "This phenomenon is called nonlocality of quantum mechanics. The nonlocality of quantum entanglement is one of the most magical phenomena in quantum mechanics. "

　

Einstein called quantum entanglement "ghostly action at a distance", and he thought that this effect may be manipulated by some so-called "hidden variable" that people may not understand for the time being. So, is Einstein right?

　　

In 1964, physicist john bell put forward an experimental scheme, which can be tested. "This is the quantum entanglement distribution experiment. Let a machine emit the prepared pairs of entangled particles (usually photons) in two directions, and then randomly measure the polarization direction of entangled photons at different angles. " Peng Chengzhi, a researcher at the University of Science and Technology of China, the chief engineer of the scientific application system of the quantum science experimental satellite and the deputy chief engineer of the satellite system, said, "If the measurement results meet the Bell inequality, Einstein is right; Otherwise, it is proved that the nonlocality of quantum mechanics is real. "

　　

To verify whether quantum entanglement exists at a longer distance, we need to experiment in space.

　　

In the quantum entanglement distribution experiment, in order to ensure the space-like separation of measurement events, scientists always place two detection devices at a certain distance. Every time they finish a round of experiments, they will think, if the distance is farther, does quantum entanglement still exist?

　

However, because quantum entanglement is very fragile, it will decay with the transmission distance of photons in optical fiber or in the surface atmosphere. In other words, if this experiment is done on the ground, the transmission distance cannot be too long.

　

"Even with the most advanced ideal single-photon detector, point-to-point quantum communication in 1200 km optical fiber can only transmit one bit every 30,000 years. Just like a team with 1 million people, there may be only a few people left in the end, and it took a long time to reach the destination. " Pan Jianwei said, "This leads to the low efficiency of information transmission over a long distance, so the previous quantum entanglement distribution experiment only stayed at a distance of 100 kilometers."

　

How can we further extend the distance of quantum entanglement distribution? Pan Jianwei said that there are two ways in theory at present. One is to use quantum relay, that is, to divide the transmission into several segments to reduce the loss of each segment, and solve this problem by means of "quantum relay". However, at present, this approach is still seriously restricted by factors such as quantum storage life and readout efficiency, so it can not be applied in practice.

　

"The other is to use the satellite platform. Because in space, there is basically a vacuum near the orbit of the satellite, and most of the air is attached to the surface of the earth. Therefore, if entangled photons are emitted from space to the ground, the interference will be relatively small and the loss will be small. Combined with the transfer of satellites, it is expected to realize ultra-long-distance quantum entanglement distribution on a global scale. " Pan Jianwei said, "Our research team decided to use this way to extend the distance of quantum entanglement distribution, and in 2003, we proposed a scheme to realize long-distance quantum entanglement distribution by using satellites."

　

When the satellite transits through the border, it realizes the two-way quantum entanglement distribution between the satellite and the ground in 1200 kilometers.

　

How is this experiment conducted?

"When the Mozi crossed the border, it established optical links with two ground stations, Delingha Station in Qinghai and Gaomeigu Station in Lijiang, Yunnan." Wang Jianyu, a researcher at Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, executive deputy chief engineer of quantum science experimental satellite engineering and commander-in-chief of satellite system, said that the entanglement source load on the satellite generates 8 million entangled photon pairs per second, and the establishment of optical link can establish quantum entanglement between two stations over 1,200 kilometers on the ground at the speed of one pair per second, and the transmission attenuation of this quantum entanglement is only one trillion times that of the lowest loss ground optical fiber of the same length.

　　

Pan Jianwei said: "Under the condition of closing the localization loophole and measuring the selective loophole, the experimental results we obtained violated Bell’s inequality with four standard deviations, that is, the quantum mechanical nonlocality test that strictly meets Einstein’s localization condition was realized on the spatial scale of thousands of kilometers."

　

Reviewers of Science magazine praised the achievement as "a major technological breakthrough with potential practical application and the importance of basic scientific research".

　

Pan Jianwei said that using the developed quantum entanglement distribution technology, the research team is conducting experiments to create keys to realize information transmission between heaven and earth. At present, one of the main challenges of quantum communication is how to distinguish and receive the signals of quantum satellites when there are a large number of optical photons in the daytime, so as to realize quantum communication. Other important scientific experimental tasks of Mozi satellite, including high-speed satellite-ground quantum key distribution and teleportation of satellite quantum, are also under intense and smooth progress. It is expected that more scientific achievements will be released one after another this year.

　

Our reporter Wu Yuehui People’s Daily (June 17, 2017, 04 edition)

　http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2017-06/17/nw.D110000renmrb_20170617_7-04.htm

CCTV News:On June 13th, the National Medical Insurance Bureau announced the flight inspection of the medical insurance fund in 2022. In 2022, the flying inspection focused on large medical institutions in areas with rich medical resources, pointed out the typical problems in the use of medical insurance funds by these institutions, urged designated medical institutions to make serious, comprehensive and solid rectification, and made phased progress in standardizing the use of funds in the medical insurance field.

In 2022, the National Medical Insurance Bureau, together with the Ministry of Finance, the National Health and Wellness Commission, the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and other departments, organized 24 flight inspections, including the special flight inspection of tongji hospital affiliated to Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and the annual flight inspection to 23 provinces across the country. From the inspection situation, the designated medical institutions continue to improve the internal management system, standardize the medical staff’s diagnosis and treatment behavior, and achieve positive results in more rational use of medical insurance funds, but still find some problems.

The National Flight Inspection Team randomly selected 48 designated medical institutions, including 40 third-class public hospitals, 3 third-class private hospitals and 5 private medical institutions below the second level. After inspection, the following problems were found: 1. Repeated charges, over-standard charges and itemized charges, and 48 medical institutions had such problems. 2. Swapping drugs, medical consumables, diagnosis and treatment items and service facilities, 46 medical institutions have such problems. Third, medical expenses that are not covered by the medical insurance fund are included in the medical insurance fund settlement, and 43 medical institutions have such problems. Fourth, over-diagnosis, over-examination and over-prescribing in violation of the diagnosis and treatment norms, 39 medical institutions have such problems. In addition, some medical institutions have decomposed hospitalization, drugs and medical consumables are inconsistent with each other, and the national policy of centralized procurement of pharmaceutical consumables has not been strictly implemented, and other illegal and illegal issues such as high dependence on sick groups and low-standard hospitalization under the disease-based payment model; Some medical institutions have the problem of fictitious medical services.

　　Cctv newsAt present, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation is booming. How can Beijing promote the construction of a national science and technology innovation center and accelerate the establishment of a science and technology innovation center with global influence?

　　On September 19th, the State Council Press Office held a series of press conferences of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Chen Jining, deputy secretary of the CPC Beijing Municipal Committee and mayor of Beijing Municipal People’s Government, invited scientists and entrepreneurs from all over the world when answering questions from CCTV reporters. He said: at present, mankind is facing many global problems and challenges. These problems require the joint efforts of scientists from all countries and increase exchanges and cooperation between them. Beijing sincerely welcomes scientists and entrepreneurs from all over the world to come to Beijing for development, and Beijing will provide more convenient scientific research and living conditions.

　　The biggest advantage of Beijing is the advantages of talents and science and technology. In terms of innovative resources, Beijing is rich in talents and scientific and technological resources. There are more than 90 universities, more than 1,000 scientific research institutes, 120 national key laboratories, 68 national engineering technology research centers, about 860,000 college students and 25,000 national high-tech enterprises in Beijing. In terms of quality, Beijing’s innovation resources are better. Half of the top talents’ best disciplines and best laboratories are in Beijing, and Beijing’s R&D investment intensity is 6.17%, ranking first in the country. About half of the first prize of national scientific and technological achievements and the top ten scientific and technological progress in China come from Beijing every year.In terms of innovation vitality, Beijing is also a well-deserved city with the most active innovation and entrepreneurship in the world.There are about 200 innovative enterprises in Beijing every day, and the amount of venture capital and the number of cases account for about 30% of the whole country.If we look at VC/PE investment in technological innovation, Beijing is second only to Silicon Valley as a global city.In the latest list of unicorns, 82 enterprises in Beijing were selected, accounting for nearly half of the country. In some advantageous innovation fields, Beijing’s characteristics are even more obvious. For example, in the field of artificial intelligence, 60% of the country’s artificial intelligence talents gather in Beijing. Among the top 100 global artificial intelligence enterprises, there are 6 in China, including 5 in Beijing.

　　In the face of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, Beijing, as a national scientific and technological innovation center, bears a major historical mission and national responsibility. Therefore, scientific and technological innovation is the most important work here, and three aspects of work are mainly grasped.The first is the construction of innovation system. The second is to innovate ecological construction. The third is the construction of innovative culture.

　　In terms of innovation systemBeijing has made a series of institutional breakthroughs in scientific research management, performance evaluation, rights and interests of scientific and technological achievements, long-term capital support, etc. All these are to solve some deep-seated problems in scientific and technological innovation, with the aim of stimulating the enthusiasm and creativity of all kinds of innovative subjects. Beijing has issued 28 regulations on scientific research projects and funds management, giving researchers more tolerance and trust, so that scientific research funds should be spent well as well. Beijing has established a number of new R&D institutions, such as Beijing Institute of Quantum Information Science, Brain Science and Brain-like Science Research Center. Through the construction of these new R&D institutions, the organization and management of scientific research can be solved, and a long-term stable support and an open and flexible employment mechanism can be formed. Beijing has also specially established a mother fund for scientific and technological innovation with a scale of 30 billion yuan to stimulate and attract social investment, which can be enlarged to 100-150 billion yuan. The most important feature of this fund is that its capital investment period can be 10-15 years, which is the longest investment innovation fund. Through the establishment of this parent fund, it is necessary to solve the problem of insufficient patient capital and long-term capital, and encourage innovative subjects to carry out long-term sustainable innovation in hard technology and deep technology.

　　Recently, Beijing is speeding up the study and promoting the revision of the Regulations on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements, which is a local legislation. It is hoped that the ownership of scientific and technological achievements, the distribution of transformation income, and the exemption from due diligence will be clearly defined in the form of law, and the core is to solve the property rights problem of scientific and technological achievements. The property right of scientific and technological achievements has been transformed from the ownership of state units in the past to the individual ownership of scientific and technological personnel, and the state can participate in the distribution, but the property right can be personal. Some scientists say that if this regulation is promulgated, it will realize their long-awaited "Children born by themselves can cultivate themselves into adults.”。

　　In terms of innovation ecologyBeijing mainly solves two problems. One is to strengthen the spatial ecological layout, that is, to promote the high-intensity agglomeration of various innovative elements in a limited space, so that chemical changes occur among these innovative subjects. The key point is to do a good job in the construction of "three cities and one district". The three cities are Zhongguancun Science City, Huairou Science City and Future Science City, and the first district is Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone.

　　Zhongguancun Science City systematically lays out the basic frontier and key core technologies, improves the ability to open and gather global innovation resources, strengthens the city’s innovative image, and builds the original innovation source and the main position of independent innovation with global influence.

　　Huairou Science City focuses on the long-term scientific layout, and builds large-scale scientific devices such as comprehensive extreme condition experiments, numerical simulation of the earth system, and high-energy synchrotron radiation light sources to build a comprehensive national science center.

　　In the future science city east area, the current work focus is to revitalize the stock resources of central enterprises, introduce diversified innovation subjects, and create an "energy valley"; The Western District promotes the integration of science and education in Shahe University Town, especially taking Zhongguancun Life Park as the explosion point of the development of the medical and health industry in the city, and deepening the reform of the operation and management system of the park through the open introduction of professional teams.

　　Not long ago, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone completed its expansion, mainly to undertake the technological achievements of transforming the "three major science cities", build an open and innovative industrial cluster and a high-tech industrial main position, and at the same time link up with Tianjin and Hebei’s innovative industrial chains.

　　The second is to strengthen the ecological construction of the industrial chain, mainly relying on core enterprises, underlying technologies and public innovation platforms. By strengthening the construction of supporting conditions, the innovative elements of the industrial chain will be gathered to promote mutual support and collaborative innovation among industries. In 2017, Beijing issued guidance on the development of 10 high-tech industries, including the new generation of information technology, and also formulated corresponding supporting policies such as finance, land and talents. For example, the land policy, the full implementation of life-cycle management of industrial land, the implementation of flexible annual land transfer, first rent and then let, industrial land can only be used in industry, innovative land can only be used for innovation, support the construction of standard factory buildings for lease to enterprises, which not only greatly reduces the cost of enterprise land, but also prevents land hoarding and speculation. For example, in terms of talent policy, Beijing has greatly broadened the scope of talents around innovation chain, not only paying attention to scientists, but also bringing entrepreneurial investors, engineers, intellectual property lawyers and product managers into the innovative talent system to support them.Since 2018, more than 3,500 talents have gone through the introduction and settlement procedures.At the same time, Beijing is also highly concerned about solving it.The height of talentsProblems, focusing on the introduction and training of a number of.Strategic scientific and technological talents, leading talents in science and technology and leading talents in the industry.. Recently, more than 3,000 apartments for talents and experts have been specially set up in Beijing to support them.　　

　　In terms of innovative cultureVigorously strengthen the creation, protection and application of intellectual property rights, set up intellectual property courts, punish violations of intellectual property rights according to law, and significantly increase the illegal cost of intellectual property rights infringement. Recently, Beijing has specially established an intellectual property insurance system for small and medium-sized enterprises to improve the ability and level of intellectual property protection. In addition, Beijing has also increased its efforts to "send charcoal in the snow" for small and micro science and technology enterprises, and set up a financing guarantee fund of 10 billion yuan to improve the financial services for science and technology-based and innovative enterprises through angel investment, investment-loan linkage and intellectual property pledge loans.

　　Recently, Beijing has formulated and implemented a plan to accelerate the construction of application scenarios, and released the first batch of ten major application scenario construction projects with a total investment of more than 3 billion yuan, relying on urban governance, government services, and key projects of major events such as the Winter Olympics, the World Expo and Daxing International Airport. At the same time, a number of new application scenarios are collected for Zhongguancun innovation subjects every year. Beijing also pays special attention to strengthening innovation education, raising citizens’ awareness of innovation, making respecting knowledge and innovation become the consensus of the whole society, and creating an innovation culture that encourages innovation and tolerates failure.

　　In a word, by constantly improving the innovation system, optimizing the innovation ecology and advocating the innovation culture, Beijing has the confidence, conditions and ability to build itself into a scientific and technological innovation center with global influence.

yesterday

Issued by the Provincial People’s Social Welfare Department and the Provincial Department of Finance

On adjusting retirees in 2023

Notice of basic pension "

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Notification requirements

From January 1, 2023,

Adjust the pension level of retirees

Relevant matters are as follows

I. Scope and time of adjustment

From January 1, 2023, the basic pension will be adjusted for retirees who have gone through retirement (post) procedures and received the basic pension on a monthly basis before December 31, 2022.

Second, the adjustment methods and standards

(a) within the scope of the quota adjustment, the retirees will increase the 42 yuan per person per month.

(II) Hook to adjust retirees’ payment period (including deemed payment period, excluding converted length of service) will increase by 1.33 yuan per month for every full year (one year for less than one year), and 10 years for those with less than 10 years. Then increase the basic pension by 1.2% of my basic pension level. The retired old workers whose enterprises meet the requirements stipulated in Document No.3 of the Labor Insurance [1983] of the former Ministry of Labor and Personnel, their pension level includes the retirement living allowance issued by the unit according to the similar personnel of the organs.

(three) tilt adjustment on the basis of quota adjustment and hook adjustment, tilt adjustment is made for the following groups:

For retirees who have reached the age of 70 and under the age of 75 before December 31, 2022, 30 yuan will be increased every month; Retirees who have reached the age of 75 and under the age of 80 before December 31, 2022 will receive an additional monthly 31 yuan; Retirees who have reached the age of 80 or above before December 31, 2022 will receive an additional monthly 32 yuan.

Retirees in a kind of hard and remote areas will receive an additional 6 yuan per person per month. Retirees in the second category of hard and remote areas will receive an additional 11 yuan per person per month.

If the adjusted monthly basic pension of enterprise retired demobilized cadres is lower than the average monthly basic pension of enterprise retirees in the province, it will be supplemented.

Iii. Funding channels and distribution

The funds needed to adjust the basic old-age pension shall be paid from the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees; Those who participate in the endowment insurance of government agencies and institutions shall be paid from the endowment insurance fund of government agencies and institutions, and the government at the same level shall be responsible for arranging funds to ensure the payment in place. At the same time, according to the proportion of personal account pension and basic pension when the insured retires, they are charged from their personal account balance and overall fund respectively. When the personal account balance is zero, they are all charged from the overall fund. Not included in the pension insurance as a whole, be solved by the original channel.

Fourth, the job requirements

Adjusting the basic pension level of retirees in enterprises, institutions and institutions reflects the cordial concern of the CPC Central Committee, the State Council, the provincial party committee and the provincial government for the vast number of retirees, which is related to the vital interests of retirees, involving a wide range and high sensitivity. Municipalities should attach great importance to it, earnestly strengthen leadership, carefully organize implementation, strengthen publicity and interpretation, correctly guide public opinion, and earnestly implement it. It is necessary to take effective measures to strengthen the management of income and expenditure of the basic old-age insurance fund, make financial arrangements in advance, and distribute the increased basic pension to retirees on time and in full before July 31, and no arrears may occur. The situation and problems in the implementation, please report to the Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security and the Department of Finance in a timely manner.

Original title: "The latest adjustment! Pension! 》

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