Thousands of kilometers away, quantum entanglement is still there. China experiment answers Einstein’s puzzle
China continues to lead in quantum communication research.

　

　　On June 16th, Chinese scientists took the lead in successfully realizing the two-way quantum entanglement distribution between the satellite and the ground in the world by using the "Mozi" quantum science experimental satellite, and on this basis, they realized the nonlocality test of quantum mechanics that strictly met the "Einstein localization condition" on the spatial scale, which laid a reliable technical foundation for the future experimental research on large-scale quantum networks and quantum communication, as well as the experimental test of the basic principles of physics such as general relativity and quantum gravity in outer space.

　

This achievement was made by a research team composed of Pan Jianwei, a professor at China University of Science and Technology, and Peng Chengzhi, a colleague, in collaboration with Wang Jianyu Research Group of Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Institute of Microsatellite Innovation, Institute of Optoelectronic Technology, National Astronomical Observatory, Purple Mountain Observatory, National Space Science Center, etc., with the support of the strategic pilot science and technology project of space science of China Academy of Sciences. On the same day, relevant achievements were published in the international authoritative academic journal Science in the form of cover papers.

　

Two entangled quanta, no matter how far apart, can affect each other instantly.

　

On August 16th, 2016, China successfully launched the first quantum science experimental satellite "Mozi", which is one of the first scientific experimental satellites in the space science pilot project of China Academy of Sciences.

　

Quantum is the smallest and indivisible unit of energy in the physical world. Quantum entanglement is one of the two wonderful properties of quantum. "It is a quantum state composed of two (or more) particles. No matter how far apart the particles are, measuring one of them will inevitably affect other particles. Two entangled quanta are like a pair of telepathic twins. No matter how far apart they are, on the order of thousands of kilometers or more, as long as the state of one of them changes, the state of the other person will also change. " Pan Jianwei said, "This phenomenon is called nonlocality of quantum mechanics. The nonlocality of quantum entanglement is one of the most magical phenomena in quantum mechanics. "

　

Einstein called quantum entanglement "ghostly action at a distance", and he thought that this effect may be manipulated by some so-called "hidden variable" that people may not understand for the time being. So, is Einstein right?

　　

In 1964, physicist john bell put forward an experimental scheme, which can be tested. "This is the quantum entanglement distribution experiment. Let a machine emit the prepared pairs of entangled particles (usually photons) in two directions, and then randomly measure the polarization direction of entangled photons at different angles. " Peng Chengzhi, a researcher at the University of Science and Technology of China, the chief engineer of the scientific application system of the quantum science experimental satellite and the deputy chief engineer of the satellite system, said, "If the measurement results meet the Bell inequality, Einstein is right; Otherwise, it is proved that the nonlocality of quantum mechanics is real. "

　　

To verify whether quantum entanglement exists at a longer distance, we need to experiment in space.

　　

In the quantum entanglement distribution experiment, in order to ensure the space-like separation of measurement events, scientists always place two detection devices at a certain distance. Every time they finish a round of experiments, they will think, if the distance is farther, does quantum entanglement still exist?

　

However, because quantum entanglement is very fragile, it will decay with the transmission distance of photons in optical fiber or in the surface atmosphere. In other words, if this experiment is done on the ground, the transmission distance cannot be too long.

　

"Even with the most advanced ideal single-photon detector, point-to-point quantum communication in 1200 km optical fiber can only transmit one bit every 30,000 years. Just like a team with 1 million people, there may be only a few people left in the end, and it took a long time to reach the destination. " Pan Jianwei said, "This leads to the low efficiency of information transmission over a long distance, so the previous quantum entanglement distribution experiment only stayed at a distance of 100 kilometers."

　

How can we further extend the distance of quantum entanglement distribution? Pan Jianwei said that there are two ways in theory at present. One is to use quantum relay, that is, to divide the transmission into several segments to reduce the loss of each segment, and solve this problem by means of "quantum relay". However, at present, this approach is still seriously restricted by factors such as quantum storage life and readout efficiency, so it can not be applied in practice.

　

"The other is to use the satellite platform. Because in space, there is basically a vacuum near the orbit of the satellite, and most of the air is attached to the surface of the earth. Therefore, if entangled photons are emitted from space to the ground, the interference will be relatively small and the loss will be small. Combined with the transfer of satellites, it is expected to realize ultra-long-distance quantum entanglement distribution on a global scale. " Pan Jianwei said, "Our research team decided to use this way to extend the distance of quantum entanglement distribution, and in 2003, we proposed a scheme to realize long-distance quantum entanglement distribution by using satellites."

　

When the satellite transits through the border, it realizes the two-way quantum entanglement distribution between the satellite and the ground in 1200 kilometers.

　

How is this experiment conducted?

"When the Mozi crossed the border, it established optical links with two ground stations, Delingha Station in Qinghai and Gaomeigu Station in Lijiang, Yunnan." Wang Jianyu, a researcher at Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, executive deputy chief engineer of quantum science experimental satellite engineering and commander-in-chief of satellite system, said that the entanglement source load on the satellite generates 8 million entangled photon pairs per second, and the establishment of optical link can establish quantum entanglement between two stations over 1,200 kilometers on the ground at the speed of one pair per second, and the transmission attenuation of this quantum entanglement is only one trillion times that of the lowest loss ground optical fiber of the same length.

　　

Pan Jianwei said: "Under the condition of closing the localization loophole and measuring the selective loophole, the experimental results we obtained violated Bell’s inequality with four standard deviations, that is, the quantum mechanical nonlocality test that strictly meets Einstein’s localization condition was realized on the spatial scale of thousands of kilometers."

　

Reviewers of Science magazine praised the achievement as "a major technological breakthrough with potential practical application and the importance of basic scientific research".

　

Pan Jianwei said that using the developed quantum entanglement distribution technology, the research team is conducting experiments to create keys to realize information transmission between heaven and earth. At present, one of the main challenges of quantum communication is how to distinguish and receive the signals of quantum satellites when there are a large number of optical photons in the daytime, so as to realize quantum communication. Other important scientific experimental tasks of Mozi satellite, including high-speed satellite-ground quantum key distribution and teleportation of satellite quantum, are also under intense and smooth progress. It is expected that more scientific achievements will be released one after another this year.

　

Our reporter Wu Yuehui People’s Daily (June 17, 2017, 04 edition)

　http://paper.people.com.cn/rmrb/html/2017-06/17/nw.D110000renmrb_20170617_7-04.htm

Recently, Liupanshui, Guizhou

A female college student cleans the dormitory.

Because oxalic acid bought online reacts with washing powder.

Collective poisoning of roommates

According to classmate Tian, the dormitory was swept out of worms, so she bought oxalic acid online for cleaning, and also brushed the floor with washing powder. After closing the door and sleeping, the two gases reacted, and four people were poisoned and became dizzy and vomited. At present, the symptoms have been alleviated.

Many netizens said

Don’t fool around if you don’t know chemistry.

Some netizens said

After cleaning, you must open the window for ventilation.

There are also some netizens reminding me.

Never use two kinds of detergents together.

Many people are doing cleaning.

Often in order to pursue cleanliness, cleanliness, sterilization and so on.

Will use a variety of disinfectants and detergents at the same time.

But pay attention.

Many disinfectants and detergents cannot be used at the same time.

You only need to use a single one when you use it.

in recent years

So news of poisoning happens from time to time.

The most accidents in the news are the mixture of 84 disinfectant and toilet cleaner. According to the doctor, when 84 disinfectant meets toilet cleaner, it will produce irritating gas, mainly chlorine. Different concentrations of chlorine have different effects on human body, and the concentration is too high or life-threatening. For example, in an environment with small area and poor ventilation, the chlorine concentration produced after using 84 disinfectant and toilet cleaning forest is high, which will affect human body in just a few minutes and damage human skin and mucosa, such as irritating eyes and nose, causing severe cough, chest tightness, tight breath, difficulty breathing and so on. If the inhaled chlorine concentration reaches 120-180mg/m3; , it will cause serious damage to human body, and the chlorine concentration reaches 300 mg/m3; When inhaled, it may cause fatal injury.

Toilet cleaner can’t be used together with 84 disinfectant.

Toilet cleaner can’t be used together with Tianna water.

Tianna water, also called banana oil, is a colorless, transparent and volatile liquid, which has the functions of cleaning, dilution and emulsification, and is generally used for cleaning. Tianna water is a mixture of various organic solvents, mainly toluene and xylene, which can be brought into human body through skin and respiratory tract after volatilization. Xylene mainly inhibits the central nervous system of human body, showing dizziness and chest tightness. After inhaling high concentration for a short time, the anesthetic effect on central nervous system and autonomic nervous system and the stimulation effect on mucosa may be accompanied by liver, kidney, heart, lung and other organ damage.

When cleaning the home,

When using various cleaners and disinfectants

We should do the following.

1. Choose carefully: according to the object to be cleaned, choose the appropriate detergent. Acid cleaners and alkaline cleaners cannot be mixed.

2. Dilute and wear a mask before use: All kinds of cleaners and disinfectants should be used after dilution in strict accordance with the dilution ratio listed in the instruction manual. At the same time, it should be noted that masks should also be worn and protected when diluting.

3. Label: The diluted detergent and disinfectant should be labeled on the bottle body, and the name and purpose should be clearly written to prevent confusion.

4. Pay attention when using: When using various cleaners and disinfectants, pay attention to wearing protective equipment, such as masks and face screens. At the same time, you should also choose suitable cleaning tools, and you must not operate by hand.

5. Return to the original place after use: After using each cleaning agent and disinfectant, cover the lid and store it in the designated place to avoid taking it by mistake and avoid eating it by children or pets at home.

Xiaobian reminds me here

Cleaning is certainly a good thing.

But also pay attention to the methods.

Don’t try to

Pursue cleanliness and sterilization blindly.

And various disinfectants and detergents are mixed.

Source: Hubei Jingshi Comprehensive Litchi News, Chengdu Business Daily, Sichuan Famous Doctors, Red Star News, and comments from netizens.

Original title: "A dormitory is collectively poisoned! It was because … "

Read the original text

　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of the General Administration of Financial Supervision, in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the insured, the insured and the beneficiaries, standardize the insurance sales behavior and unify the supervision requirements of insurance sales behavior, the General Administration of Financial Supervision recently issued the Measures for the Administration of Insurance Sales Behavior (hereinafter referred to as the "Sales Measures") according to the Insurance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Guiding Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening the Protection of Financial Consumers’ Rights and Interests, which will take effect on March 1, 2024.

　　There are 6 chapters and 50 articles in the Sales Measures, which divide insurance sales behavior into three stages: pre-sales behavior, in-sales behavior and post-sales behavior, distinguish the characteristics of different stages and regulate them respectively. The first is the behavior management before insurance sales, which regulates the business scope, information system, terms and terms, information disclosure, product classification and grading, sales staff grading and sales promotion of insurance companies and insurance intermediaries. The second is behavior management in insurance sales, which requires insurance companies and insurance intermediaries to know customers and sell them properly, prohibit compulsory tying and default checking, inform the identity and related matters when selling, and prompt the responsibility to be relieved and exempted. The third is the behavior management after insurance sales, which puts forward requirements for policy delivery, return visit, notice of change of long-term insurance personnel, prohibition of behavior after personnel change, and surrender.

　　"Sales Measures" is an important measure taken by the General Administration of Financial Supervision to implement the people-centered development idea and effectively improve the sense of acquisition of insurance consumers. It is also the basic link to improve the behavior supervision system and build a supervision framework for insurance sales behavior. The promulgation of the "Sales Measures" reflects the political and people-oriented nature of financial supervision, helps to improve the standardization of sales behavior in the insurance industry, and effectively enhances the sense of acquisition and satisfaction of insurance consumers.

Editor’s Note: 2022 is the year of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the centenary of the founding of the Communist Youth League of China. A nation will prosper only when its young people thrive If the younger generation has ideals, skills and responsibilities, the country will have a future and the nation will have hope. Red Net Moment News will launch the column "Strugglers are Youth" from now on, telling how the contemporary youth passed the torch of a century of youth, and what kind of youthful blood and passion they used to meet the party’s 20 th victory.

Xin Yang, Professor and Doctoral Supervisor, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University.

Red Net News Reporter Liu Zhixiong Zhu Liping Intern Hu Xinghai Changsha Report

If the integrated circuit field represented by CPU is the "brain" of modern equipment, then the power semiconductor chip is the "heart" that provides power. After returning from Cambridge University, Xin Yang, a professor at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering of Hunan University, devoted himself to the research of power semiconductors. He wanted to build "China Core".

"Our country was 30 years behind in this respect and was stuck in the neck for too long." Xin Yang said with emotion.

Xin Yang’s concern about power semiconductors stems from a teacher’s words during his undergraduate period. "Power semiconductors are the core of electric energy conversion, and a generation of power semiconductor chips determines the performance of a generation of equipment." It also originated from Xin Yang’s "China Heart". Since childhood, parents have taught Xin Yang to be an indispensable talent for the country.

Previously, the research results of the subject with Xin Yang as the first author were published in a top international academic journal of physics. This achievement provides a new idea for solving the serious oscillation problem of new power semiconductor.

"This achievement can give full play to the advantages of fast switching speed and low loss of the third generation semiconductor devices, which is of great significance for the development of high power and extremely high power density converter equipment." Xin Yang introduced.

Semiconductor components used in experiments in Xin Yang.

Power semiconductors are widely used, ranging from high-speed trains to mobile phone chargers.

"Almost everything involving electric energy conversion requires the participation of power semiconductors." Xin Yang said, "But our country once lagged far behind Europe in power semiconductor devices including IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor)."

IGBT has long been monopolized by developed countries. In 2009, in order to learn advanced semiconductor knowledge, Xin Yang studied for master’s degree and doctor’s degree in Imperial College London and Cambridge University.

During his stay at Cambridge University, Xin Yang firmly decided to return to China in contact with CRRC Zhuzhou Institute and related companies. "Many of our own technologies are not advanced, so we have to look at others’ faces. That feels terrible. " Xin Yang said, "At that time, I felt that the country urgently needed this technology, and it was time for me to realize my self-worth and serve the motherland."

Yang Xin takes students to work in the laboratory.

In 2015, Xin Yang returned to his native Hunan from Britain. In 2018, he was hired as a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Electrical and Information Engineering of Hunan University. Hunan University’s relatively complete incentive system for young teachers and the free and open academic environment at the foot of Yuelu Mountain have given Xin Yang great impetus.

In recent years, Xin Yang has presided over or participated in several national scientific research projects, published more than 40 high-level papers and applied for more than 20 invention patents.

"I went out with an initial intention to study for my country. After I came back, I felt that the country, especially Hunan, attached importance to talents. Only by redoubling efforts and making achievements can we live up to the expectations of the party and the people." During the conversation, Xin Yang said many times that he wanted to contribute to the country’s breakthrough in key technologies.

In Xin Yang’s view, his academic achievements can not be separated from the support of relevant national policies. He was selected into the relevant national talent plan, and his learning experience in the team of Luo An, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, also benefited from the Hunan Young Talents Support Program.

Xin Yang is with his students.

Nowadays, the importance of chips to modern industry is becoming more and more prominent, and talents are the key to technological leadership. Xin Yang pays special attention to the matter of taking students, and his latest research results include many master students. "Academician Luo An has given me a lot of help. As a teacher, I should also teach my students what I have learned without reservation. The happiest thing is that my students are better than me academically."

In the next six months to a year, Xin Yang will focus on building a new reliability evaluation method for power semiconductors. "At present, the evaluation of power semiconductors is still relatively extensive. We hope to reach the degree of calculation reliability and know the service life of IGBT components more accurately, and then deduce more advanced and reliable power semiconductor packaging technology."

In addition to constantly pursuing the optimization of chip performance indicators, looking to the future, Xin Yang wants to make some subversive achievements in originality theory. "Time is still tight." Xin Yang ridiculed his increasingly backward hairline. After devoting himself to scientific research, Xin Yang almost had no entertainment activities. "But doing research with students is very happy, and I don’t feel tired when I work overtime."

"I hope that when the country stands at the forefront of the world in the field of power semiconductors one day, I can be proud to have contributed a little to it." Xin Yang said.