August is coming, and the long summer vacation is drawing to a close. For the "Little Bean Bag" and parents who are about to enter the first grade, the rest of the time is full of expectation and anxiety. So, how can we help "children" transition to "primary school students"? What preparations should parents make? The reporter interviewed relevant experts.

　　Listening to the weather forecast and remembering the temperature helps to exercise children’s concentration.

　　"After entering the first grade of primary school, children are particularly prone to discomfort in four aspects: schedule, attention, self-care ability and living habits." At the 48th public lecture of Haidian Family Education Lecture Hall held recently, Xiao Ying, the principal of the primary school affiliated to Beijing Petroleum Institute, shared with her parents the experience of making a good connection between young and old.

　　Xiao Ying said that in terms of schedule, kindergartens mainly focus on activities and games, and there are not many teaching activities. The primary school has a systematic three-level curriculum, no special nap time, and the schedule is completely different from that of kindergarten. Therefore, it is easy for children to get up in the morning and doze off in the afternoon after entering school. In this regard, she suggested that parents should arrange their schedules reasonably and try to put their children to sleep around 8: 30 in the evening. In addition to going to sleep early at night, parents can consciously train their children not to take a nap or take a purposeful trip from August, so that children can gradually get used to not taking a nap.

　　Xiao Ying also found that primary school students who have just entered the first grade still have problems such as not being able to dress themselves, tie their shoelaces, pack their schoolbags, not caring for their school equipment and drinking water on their own initiative. She suggested that parents can help their children master their self-care ability by teaching methods, deliberate repeated practice, inspection and supervision. At the same time, it is also necessary to cultivate children to actively develop health habits and etiquette habits that are suitable for primary school learning.

　　Lack of concentration is also a big challenge. Xiao Ying said that the concentration time of primary school students is between 20 minutes and 25 minutes, which is because the development of children’s nervous system is still developing. With the increase of age, the situation of inattention will gradually improve. Parents can help their children improve their attention in advance through a series of methods. For example, exercise concentration by listening to the weather forecast and recording the temperature of each city; Train the breadth of attention by listening to the extended sentences and repeating them. "These methods are mainly through language communication, so that children can grab words and keywords, thus improving their attention. In addition, you can also play games such as catching and throwing balls with your children to improve your attention. "

　　Don’t go to preschool blindly, which will easily lead to inattention.

　　With the approach of school, the psychological counseling center of primary and secondary schools in Beijing has received many anxious and confused parents. One of the topics that parents are most concerned about is whether it is necessary to "stupid birds fly first" and use the summer vacation time before entering primary school to find one-on-one tutoring or enroll their children in preschool classes.

　　Wen Fang, director of the psychological counseling center for primary and secondary schools in Beijing, gave his own advice from the perspective of psychological development. The most direct consequence of "flying first for a while" during the holiday is that children lose the patience to listen carefully when they get to class. "There is nothing to learn in class, and children are easy to stay. In the long run, it is easy to cause bad habits of inattention. When it comes to in-depth and difficult parts, children are not willing to listen. "

　　Chu Zhaohui, a researcher at the China Academy of Educational Sciences, said that parents should take a long-term view in terms of children’s growth and development. He told reporters that there is a famous "twin climbing stairs" experiment in psychology: let a pair of identical twins practice climbing stairs, and one of them starts practicing in the 48 th week after birth and practices for 10 minutes every day; The other started the same training at the 53rd week after birth. At 54 weeks, one child practiced for 7 weeks, while the other only practiced for 2 weeks. So, which of the two children climbs the stairs at a higher level? The experimental results are unexpected. Children who have only practiced for two weeks can climb stairs faster. "Therefore, some training institutions claim that after training, children are more focused and their memory is enhanced compared with untrained children. In fact, such a comparison is of no value to children’s growth and development, because some abilities can be naturally developed by children after a certain period of time. "

　　Li Zhuo, the lifelong honorary principal of Beijing Shijia Primary School, specially wrote a parent handbook "Welcome to Grade One" for parents who are facing young convergence. He introduced that in some countries in East Asia and Europe, children began to attend the first grade at the age of 5. What is the purpose of 5-year-old children trying to learn in class? In order to understand the rules of the classroom and sit still in the classroom. From this point of view, it is still very valuable to enter the preschool training place to experience it. However, it should be noted that the preschool class is to feel the upcoming classroom learning style in advance, rather than to receive the knowledge of the first and second grades of primary school in advance. In addition, another important role of preschool classes is to let children show some possible problems in advance in the upcoming primary school life. In this way, parents can be reminded in time so as to find countermeasures earlier.

　　Excessive expectation and extreme weariness of learning, and school attitude reflects family problems.

　　Taotao is going to primary school soon. Within a few days of receiving the notice, the school organized entrance education to help them know the new environment they will study in advance and know their future classmates. Unexpectedly, after entering the school, he added a new habit in this holiday: grinding his grandfather to go to his new school every day. When the school is closed during the holidays, he just looks at the door for half a day. The scorching sun often makes him sweat all over, but grandpa can’t even persuade him to go to a cool place. Grandpa was distressed and helpless, so he had to find the psychological counseling center of primary and secondary schools in Beijing. "Is my grandson sick?"

　　Contrary to surging, there is another extreme who comes to the psychological counseling center of primary and secondary schools in Beijing: in the distant home, "going to school" has almost become a taboo topic at home. As long as someone mentions going to primary school, Yao Yao immediately turns his face and cries and makes trouble. Mom and dad are very worried. "I’m tired of learning like this before I go to school. What can I do in the future?"

　　Director Wen Fang said that both extreme psychological states need to attract parents’ attention. Generally speaking, the extreme expectation of going to school shows that children feel the lack of emotion in the family. "Adults at home pay little attention and have to look forward to looking for attention in the new environment outside." He reminded that children in this situation are easy to "make bad friends" and are eager to find channels for emotional communication and venting, so "bad companions" have an opportunity.

　　However, children’s mentality of avoiding going to school reflects the opposite state. "This kind of child tends to rely too much on family ties, which is not conducive to the child’s transformation from a natural person to a social person." Wen Fang suggested that in this case, the family environment and work standards should strive to be in line with the school. Parents should not do everything, but encourage their children to take the first step independently.

　　Who is in charge of children’s schooling? Consistency in family education is very important.

　　Recently, the psychological counseling center of primary and secondary schools in Beijing has also received counseling from many family groups. Before the children went to school, there were signs of internal family wars. Take Nuo Nuo’s family as an example. Parents’ commuting time conflicts with school time, so they can’t pick up and drop off, so they have to leave this arduous task to their grandparents. Unexpectedly, my grandparents insisted on one point: "Since the children are here, we have to listen to everything, and parents have to give up." The two sides couldn’t talk it over, so they came to the consultation center for expert help.

　　Director Wen Fang said that a very important principle in family education is "consistency". He put forward several four-word principles: division of labor and cooperation, cooperation and co-management; Close contact to enhance trust; Actively demonstrate and comply with regulations; Grasp the principle and give priority to development.

　　In fact, parents who have no time to take care of their children full-time do not need to feel sorry and worry too much. A previous survey report by the Family Education Committee of China Education Association showed that grandparents’ participation in parenting would not adversely affect the parent-child relationship between parents and children; If grandparents only partially participate in children’s upbringing and do not play a leading role in it, it will not have a negative impact on children’s adaptability to life.

　　In the handbook for parents, President Li Zhuo also analyzed the question of "who will take care of the children". Nowadays, most of the young parents work full-time. At the beginning of school, most parents will discuss who has more flexible working hours and who has more energy after work, who will mainly manage the children’s study. "It is important to have available time and energy, but over the years, after contacting many parents with different personalities and different communication methods, I think the best choice criterion for this matter is: who is more willing to take care of the children." President Li Zhuo said.

　　Li Zhuo said that because of the will, it is easier to find management methods, spend more time observing children, have more patience to communicate with children, and help children sum up rules and skills. If, unfortunately, the party who is more willing to do it is busy, then the two sides can negotiate a good division of labor after full discussion. For example, after a plan is made, it will be implemented by the party with more time, and the children will continue to feedback and adjust each other during the learning process until they find the most suitable rhythm and form of family learning. (Reporter Niu Weikun)

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 20th Question: About one out of every five primary and middle school students has a "chubby" student. Pay attention to these.

Xu Penghang

The quality of life has improved and the level of nutrition has improved, but there are more and more "chubby piers" around. Nutrition and health is an eternal topic during the growth of children and adolescents. May 20th is China Student Nutrition Day. What is the nutritional status of Chinese students? What harm can overweight and obesity bring? How to eat to be healthier?

Grow taller and gain weight.

The Scientific Research Report on Dietary Guidelines for Residents in China (2021) (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") shows that the nutritional status and physique of Chinese residents have improved significantly, the dietary quality has improved, the food structure has changed, and the nutritional deficiency of residents has been fundamentally improved. The growth retardation rate and low body weight rate of children under 5 years old have dropped to 4.8% and 1.9% respectively, which has achieved the preset goals of the 2020 plan. The anemia rate and vitamin A deficiency rate of children and adolescents have decreased significantly, and the nutritional status has improved significantly.

With the improvement of nutrition level, the height of children and adolescents in China has increased significantly. In the past 30 years, the height of boys and girls aged 6-17 has increased in all age groups, with an average height increase of 3cm every 10 years.

However, there are more "chubby piers" around. The data show that the overweight and obesity rates of children and adolescents under 6 years old and 6-17 years old in China reach 10.4% and 19.0% respectively, which is equivalent to nearly one "chubby pier" for every five primary and secondary school students. The problem of overweight and obesity of children and adolescents needs urgent attention.

The consumption rate of sugary milk drinks is 30%, which is one of the "culprits" of obesity.

Statistics show that the sales volume of sugary drinks is increasing year by year, and the consumption rates of sugary milk drinks and drinks for children and adolescents are above 30% and 25% respectively.

The report shows that although the intake level of added sugar among Chinese residents is not high, as the main source of added sugar, the proportion of consumers of sugary drinks and their consumption are on the rise rapidly. The consumption rate of sugary drinks among children and adolescents is higher than that of adults, which should be paid enough attention to.

Experts suggest that high sugar intake has become the main risk factor of obesity and diabetes in adolescents, and controlling sugar intake in adolescents is the key to promote the healthy growth of adolescents. According to statistics, the prevalence of hypertension in obese children and adolescents is 4.0 times of normal weight.

Balanced diet with reduced oil and salt

Chronic diseases are closely related to long-term dietary imbalance and excessive intake of oil and salt.

The data show that high salt intake is still widespread in China, and the average salt intake for household cooking is 9.3 grams per person per day, which drops by 2 grams every ten years, but it is still higher than the recommended value of < 5 grams.

In addition, high fat intake is also an important factor causing overweight and obesity. According to a survey conducted by the Nutrition Society of China, the top 10 dishes that are often bought for eating out and selling out are mostly fried food and animal dishes. People who mainly eat out and eat out for a long time have the problems of excessive consumption of oil and salt and unreasonable dietary structure.

Ding Gangqiang, vice chairman of the Nutrition Society of China and director of the Institute of Nutrition and Health of China CDC, suggested that reasonable diet, reducing the intake of livestock meat, smoked meat, salt, oil, added sugar and alcohol, and increasing the intake of whole grains, vegetables, fruits, eggs, seafood, milk, beans and nuts are beneficial to health.

Increase physical activity to achieve "eating balance"

Exercise plays an important role in human energy balance. To maintain a healthy weight, we should not only have a reasonable diet, but also strengthen exercise and maintain a "balance of eating".

The report shows that insufficient physical activity can lead to excessive weight gain, and more physical activity is not only conducive to maintaining a healthy weight, but also to reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases, improving brain health and improving attention.

"Exercise is not a dietary suggestion, but it plays an important role in energy balance and weight maintenance." Ding Gangqiang said.

Ding Gangqiang introduced that most countries recommend exercising for 30 minutes a day or 150 minutes a week, and some countries (such as South Africa) also believe that each exercise should be no less than 10 minutes.

It is reported that the "14th Five-Year Plan" and the outline of the long-term goal in 2035 specifically propose to implement the nutrition improvement plan for preschool children, effectively control children’s obesity and myopia, ensure school physical education class and extracurricular exercise time, and carry out national physical fitness monitoring and intervention with emphasis on teenagers.

　　On September 10, the latest sales data of new power brands in the Chinese market showed that in the past week (September 2-September 8), the ideal, ask the world, and zero run continued to occupy the top three; followed by polar krypton, NIO, dark blue and other common players. Last week, the long-term value accelerating zero car not only continued to consolidate the new pattern of "reason ask zero" with the results of 6,300 cars, but also continued to narrow the gap with the ask world, and the weekly sales reached almost two Xiaopeng. Facing Xiaopeng and NIO both cut into the 150,000 market, industry analysts analyzed that the zero run car that has been deeply cultivated for many years and has run through the price band is no small challenge for any latecomer.

　　It is worth mentioning that in the past August, Zero Run car delivery reached 30,305 units, a record high, an increase of more than 113% year-on-year and a growth of more than 37% month-on-month; among them, Zero Run car SUV family delivery accounted for more than 72%, Zero Run C16 delivery of more than 8,000 units; with strong product strength and steady development strategy, Zero Run quickly became the third monthly sales of 30,000 units of new car manufacturing forces, up more than! In the fourth quarter, Zero Run will debut the first product B10 of the new platform at the Paris Motor Show. The car is aimed at young consumers around the world and is expected to become the next popular model in the Zero Run and new energy industries.

　　With its highly competitive configuration performance and value advantages, Zero Run’s latest flagship product, the ultra-comfortable intelligent 6-seat SUV Zero Run C16, is on the market and sells well, and drives the sales of Zero Run. As the flagship model under the LEAP 3.0 technical architecture, Zero Run C16 is equipped with the industry-leading "four-leaf clover" central integrated electronic and electrical architecture, which is a real software-defined car product; high-end driver assistance system with Orin-X + lidar hardware, all series are equipped with Qualcomm SA8295P flagship smart cabin chip as standard, and the rear ceiling screen and 21 Yang Dolby Atmos luxury audio are introduced in the audio and video entertainment, realizing the cockpit intelligence and luxury experience second to none in the same market. It can be called another dark horse in the new energy household SUV market. The C16 has now been delivered nationwide, and is expected to become a weapon for Zero Run to further increase its sales in the second half of 2024.

　　Whether it is the recent MONA M03 launched by Xiaopeng or the Ledao sub-brand launched by NIO, the two new power car companies intend to enter the 150,000-level market through the second brand. However, an indisputable fact is that focusing on one market, the Zero Run cars that have launched popular SUV families (C11, C10 and C16) in the past three years have already run through the 150,000-level market. In August, Zero Run sales broke through 30,000 units first, while NIO and Xiaopeng stayed at 20,000 and 10,000 units respectively; obviously, Zero Run has established a significant advantage in the 150,000-level market, and is also known as the "Little BYD" among new forces.

　　Zero Run is not only a new power brand in the same echelon in terms of sales, but also a symbol of the financial performance of the car company "Lizi". According to the second-quarter financial report, Zero Run is better than Xiaopeng and NIO in terms of net loss control and year-on-year revenue growth. It not only demonstrates its excellent cost control and strategic advantages, but also is expected to become the second new power car company in China to achieve profitability after the ideal.

　　It can be said that NIO and Xiaopeng, which began to develop the 150,000 market in the second half of 2024, are somewhat sluggish compared to the zero running that has been deeply cultivated in this field for many years. In a word, with the early layout, accumulated a strong user base and word-of-mouth, and established a "good but not expensive" product image, the zero car has "led" 150,000 yuan-level new energy vehicle market, which is no small challenge for any latecomer.