Poverty alleviation in some areas is distorted： blindly going to the project, people are afraid of it.
With the deepening of poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation is becoming the first choice for many regions to move from "one-time poverty alleviation" to "sustainable poverty alleviation". However, the reporter of the Economic Information Daily recently conducted a survey in poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou, Ningxia, Henan and other places, and found that in the process of implementing the industrial poverty alleviation policy at the grassroots level, due to the lack of investigation and research, the industrial poverty alleviation in some areas was distorted, the industrial development was arbitrary, and there was a lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing. Some key nodes that restricted the development of industrial poverty alleviation needed to increase their efforts.
Industry drives villagers out of poverty and towards a well-off society.
According to the plan, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 30 million rural poor people in China will be lifted out of poverty through industrial support, and provide a sustainable and stable source of income for people who have moved away from home, ecological protection and education and medical care. In the concrete practice at the grassroots level, some replicable and popularized industrial poverty alleviation models have gradually taken shape, initially showing a situation of "strong industry, benefiting the people and revitalizing the village".
In Hetaoba Village, Meijiang Town, Meitan County, Guizhou Province, the 10,000-mu tea garden glows with bright green light. Sweet-scented osmanthus trees, cherry trees and chestnut trees are dotted among rows of tea trees, and the small blue tiles, cross-beams, carved windows and white-powder-walled "houses in northern Guizhou" are located in the green forest of tea sea in turn.
"A few decades ago, the villagers in our place ate glutinous rice, lived in wooden tile houses, and traveled by shoulders. The poor life once made many villagers go out to work." Chen Tingming, Party Secretary of Walnut Dam, said that in order to change the situation of poor corn planting year after year, Walnut Dam Village decided to implement "returning grain to plant tea" in the way of "leading cadres in branches, leading cadres in party member and leading the masses in party member".
"At that time, the government invested two or three million yuan to help us develop the tea industry, and the two village committees implemented tea industrialization development in accordance with the five unified models of land planning, tea seedling cultivation, capital investment, tea production and processing." Chen Tingming said, "It is better to give money to food than to attract rich industries."
Today, in Walnut Dam, 868 villagers have a per capita tea garden of 3.5 mu, a per capita income of 15,000 yuan, and village collective assets of more than 90 million yuan. There are only 29 poor households with physical and intellectual disabilities in the village, and more than 95% of the villagers have achieved employment and entrepreneurship in the village, and have a tea and green trading center that radiates Zunyi City.
Daren Liew, a villager with an annual income of more than 200,000 yuan in 32 acres of tea garden, said that in the past, villagers were so poor that it was difficult to grow corn. Because the industry was selected correctly and the government provided better public services, the Walnut Dam became more livable than the city, which was unthinkable in the past.
In addition to the tea industry, during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Guizhou successively invested 6.9 billion yuan in industrial poverty alleviation funds, and developed ten poverty alleviation industries such as Chinese herbal medicines, walnuts, grassland animal husbandry and fine fruits according to local conditions, covering more than 5 million farmers, attracting hundreds of thousands of migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship every year, and many of them have become leaders in industrial poverty alleviation.
In Ningxia, the "one county, one industry" characteristic poverty alleviation industries, such as potatoes in Xiji County, cattle in Jingyuan County and Chinese herbal medicines in Longde County, are forming a brand effect. Starting from 2016, Ningxia will also set up a total of 1 billion yuan industrial poverty alleviation fund in three years to support poor villages and poor households to develop characteristic breeding industries according to local conditions, so that more than 80% of the income of poor people will come from industries.
From 2013 to 2015, through industrial support and construction subsidies for poor households, Henan implemented 2,264 poverty alleviation projects to increase household income, covering nearly 170,000 poor households and benefiting 630,000 people. The average income of the supported poor households was nearly 7,000 yuan.
Focusing on industrial poverty alleviation and science and technology poverty alleviation, since 2011, Henan Province has also developed 1,389 industrial poverty alleviation projects such as high-efficiency planting (breeding) and agricultural product processing according to local conditions, driving nearly 370,000 poor people to work at home; 935 poverty alleviation projects through science and technology were arranged, and 814,000 person-times of agricultural technology training were carried out. Many poor households whose abilities have jumped have become experts in getting rid of poverty and heading for a well-off society.
Poverty alleviation in individual areas is distorted.
Some interviewed poverty alleviation cadres and the masses reported that in the process of actively promoting industrial poverty alleviation, some problems are also emerging. In some areas, the industrial development is arbitrary, and there is a lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing, so the exploration of industrial poverty alleviation is often ineffective. In addition, the imperfect support funds and security system also plague the implementation of poverty alleviation policies.
First, industrial development is arbitrary. Some areas blindly promote a project in the whole county and district, regardless of cost and poor efficiency, which leads to rush into development and final overall failure. From 2014 to 2015, a poverty-stricken county in western China forcibly promoted the breeding of green-shell laying hens among more than 3,000 poor households in two towns without in-depth investigation of mass breeding techniques, breeding costs and market risks. Due to the poor epidemic prevention of laying hens, high breeding costs and many thresholds set by contracted enterprises, the government invested millions of yuan in breeding projects, and some farmers even went to the government to petition because of poor benefits in developing green-shell laying hens.
In addition, the reporter found in the investigation that the lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing is often a common factor in the failure of industrial poverty alleviation exploration in various places. The reporter of Economic Information Daily recently found in an interview in a county in Guizhou that in the past six years, the local poverty alleviation industries such as walnut, gastrodia elata, sheep raising, codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla have been implemented successively, but they all failed to varying degrees. Due to low deep processing capacity and low degree of organization, it is difficult for scattered farmers to cope with market risks. Taking tea as an example, this county has developed 200,000 mu of tea gardens in recent years, and about 100,000 mu are surviving and developing relatively well. However, because there is no deep processing industry chain, only primary products are sold locally, and the low added value of products is not obvious. The local poverty alleviation cadres reflected: "Agriculture has high risks. If it is not driven by leading enterprises familiar with the market and technology, relying on the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses, the country will eventually spend money, but farmers will suffer."
Second, the participation of poor households is low, and there are phenomena such as "there are government decisions without the will of the masses" and "there are projects without poor households". It is not uncommon for some cadres to think that they are better than the masses. Local governments have a strong sense of "I want you to plant (raise) projects", and they decide what to plant and raise for farmers instead of others. Poor households are in a subordinate position in industrial development, with low participation, and the voices and wishes of poor groups themselves are marginalized, which is divorced from reality and causes some mistakes and waste at the grassroots level.
During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, a certain place in the west developed 15,000 mu of honeysuckle introduced from the north with the investment of 430 yuan per mu. According to the original idea of producing at least 100 kg of dried flowers per mu, it can produce more than 750 tons of dried flowers per year, but the actual output of dried flowers in the local area is less than 5 tons. One of the important reasons for the failure of honeysuckle project is that the local people are cold-shouldered against the unwilling projects by "not caring for them and ignoring them". The reporter found in the local interview that the embarrassing situation of industrial poverty alleviation even made some grassroots cadres feel big when they heard about industrial poverty alleviation, and the people were afraid when they thought of industrial poverty alleviation.
It is found that in some places, industrial poverty alleviation is simply equated with industrial development, while the poverty alleviation goal itself is ignored. Some cadres recommended to reporters that the industrial poverty alleviation projects they visited "look beautiful", but in-depth understanding found that these projects have little to do with real poor households. In some places, it is not uncommon for industrial poverty alleviation to "only see poor households in projects", and even the funds for poverty alleviation projects have been taken in disguise by some unscrupulous enterprises in the name of poverty alleviation. The National Audit Office found similar problems when auditing the annual poverty alleviation funds of a poverty-stricken county in western China from 2010 to 2012.
Third, the funding gap is large. At present, the amount of financial poverty alleviation funds is low, specifically to 680 districts and counties and 152 key counties outside the district, and the amount of funds is insufficient to support the industrial development of poor counties. Fourth, the market guarantee system is not perfect. Agriculture-related industries are greatly influenced by weather, market and other factors. At present, China’s agriculture-related insurance is seriously lacking, and poor households have great risks in developing industries.
Increase support and improve the security system
For all kinds of problems in industrial poverty alleviation, the insiders believe that we should increase financial support for industrial poverty alleviation, build an open platform for industrial poverty alleviation, and work together to build a new model of "insurance+industrial poverty alleviation" to give full play to the leading role of industry in poverty alleviation.
Haibo, director of the Development Guidance Department of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, and other interviewed cadres suggested that industrial poverty alleviation should be further promoted from the following three aspects: First, vigorously develop small loans for poverty alleviation. Give full play to the role and advantages of rural credit cooperatives and rural banks, provide small credit loans with a term of more than 3 years, 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, the benchmark interest rate is implemented, and the financial poverty alleviation funds will fully discount the interest, supporting the poverty-stricken households to develop industries with distinctive advantages.
The second is to build an open platform for industrial poverty alleviation. Sun Zhaoxia, an anti-poverty expert in guizhou minzu university, and others believe that enterprises, large households and farmers are more grounded in industrial poverty alleviation, and they should decide or discuss with them what industries to develop. The government should focus on providing public services in building industrial chains, improving infrastructure and enhancing the capabilities of poor groups. At the same time, through the establishment of the mechanism of equal participation and coordinated action of the government, enterprises, social organizations, poor groups and other subjects, the decision-making of industrial poverty alleviation will be more scientific and participatory, so as to avoid the development and failure of industrial poverty alleviation due to lack of multi-party initiative.
The third is to explore a new model of "insurance+industry poverty alleviation" according to local conditions. In view of the serious shortage of agriculture-related insurance in China and the great risks of poor households in developing their industries, grassroots cadres suggest that the government, commercial insurance institutions, enterprises and other stakeholders need to innovate their thinking and work together to build a new model of "insurance+industry poverty alleviation". Insurance institutions can actively promote various products such as mass agricultural product output insurance, income insurance, meteorological index insurance and price index insurance according to the regional characteristics and industrial development characteristics of poor areas; And actively build a multi-party credit risk sharing compensation mechanism of "insurance+bank+government" to solve the problems such as the absence of industrial poverty alleviation insurance.
"It is better to give money and things to a good branch, and the demand in many remote and poor mountainous areas is particularly urgent." A county party secretary of a poverty-stricken county in Henan said that some rural areas have no industry and are deeply mired in poverty, which is closely related to the weakness, lack of development ideas, lack of appeal and lack of motivation of grassroots organizations in these areas. He suggested that this round of industrial poverty alleviation should be combined with strengthening the construction of grassroots organizations. In particular, innovating the mode and mechanism, encouraging the development of cooperative economy that can bring collective income, and giving top priority to stimulating the enthusiasm of village-level organizations.