[Beijing News] In the first half of the year, 39.143 million people were affected by natural disasters in China, and it is still a critical period for flood control.
On the morning of July 21st, the Emergency Management Department held a press conference to report the natural disasters and the situation of safe production in the first half of the year. According to reports, in the first half of 2022, natural disasters in China were mainly floods, winds and geological disasters, and various natural disasters caused a total of 39.143 million people to be affected; In addition, in the first half of the year, the problem of illegal construction in the field of housing construction was prominent, and underground construction operations and gas explosion accidents occurred frequently.
At the same time, in response to the National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan (hereinafter referred to as the Plan) recently issued by the National Disaster Reduction Committee, the relevant person in charge answered the questions of the Beijing News reporter. In view of the shortcomings in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in some cities in China, the Plan highlights emergency preparedness, disaster avoidance and other aspects, establishes and improves the linkage mechanism between meteorological disaster early warning and emergency response, such as "calling the responsible person", and takes measures such as stopping work and stopping school when necessary to avoid mass deaths and injuries.
The regional characteristics of disasters are obvious, and the disaster situation in the south is more serious than that in the north.
Shen Zhanli, spokesperson of the emergency management department and director of the news and publicity department, said that in the first half of 2022, floods, wind and hail and geological disasters were the main natural disasters in China, with 39.143 million people affected by various natural disasters, 178 people were killed and missing due to disasters, 1.282 million people were relocated urgently, 18,000 houses collapsed, and the affected area of crops was 36.189 million hectares, resulting in a direct economic loss of 88.81 billion yuan.
Shen Zhanli introduced that in the first half of the year, the regional characteristics of disasters in China were obvious. From January to April, the national disaster situation was relatively stable, and floods were more serious in May and June. On the whole, the disasters in the south were more serious than those in the north. The rainfall in the whole country is higher than that in the same period of normal years, with many rivers exceeding the police, heavy flood in the Pearl River basin, and geological disasters such as urban and rural waterlogging and mountain torrents in many places in the south, which have caused great losses to agriculture, industry, mining, commerce and infrastructure.
In addition, there were 19 strong convective weather processes in China, which was less than the average of the same period in the past five years. There were many wind and hail disasters, and local lightning strikes caused casualties. Staged droughts have occurred in South China, North China and Northwest China, which have affected local agricultural production.
The problem of illegal construction in the field of housing construction is prominent, and gas explosion accidents occur frequently.
Shen Zhanli introduced that in the first half of the year, there were 11,076 production safety accidents and 8,870 deaths, and the situation of production safety was generally stable, showing the characteristics of "three declines", that is, the total number of production safety accidents, major accidents and major accidents decreased year-on-year. However, accidents occur frequently in some regions and industries, and the situation of safe production is still severe and complicated.
"Geographically, the number of major accidents and deaths in Xinjiang, Xizang, Chongqing, Gansu, Qinghai and Liaoning increased’ double’ year-on-year, and serious accidents occurred in Guizhou, Liaoning and Hunan." Shen Zhanli said.
From the perspective of industry, the problem of illegal construction in the field of residential construction was prominent in the first half of the year. The "1.3" major landslide accident occurred in the project site of Jinhaihu New District of the First People’s Hospital of Bijie City, Guizhou Province, and the "4.29" particularly serious collapse accident of residents’ self-built houses in Wangcheng District of Changsha City, Hunan Province. Underground construction and gas explosion accidents occurred frequently. Accidents in the mining field have decreased, but the problem of illegal mining is prominent, especially the "2.25" major roof accident in Sanhe Shunxun Coal Mine, Southwest Guizhou Province, which killed 14 people, and the "3.2" gas overrun accident in Limin Coal Mine, qingzhen city, Guiyang City, which killed 8 people and injured 13 people. The impact is extremely bad.
In addition, accidents of chemical and dangerous chemicals have increased, industrial transfer projects and old devices have repeatedly occurred, and some chemical enterprises have violated laws and regulations in production and operation, and safety risks in hot work and inspection and maintenance are prominent. There are many accidents in the transportation industry, and the safety risks of civil aviation railways, water transportation and fishing vessels are prominent. There are many major accidents involving more than 10 people in road transportation. Some industrial and trade enterprises have frequent fire accidents, and the risk of "small fire killing people" in small business places is greater.
The critical period of "Seven Downs and Eight Ups" flood control is complicated and severe, and the north enters the main rainy season.
At present, it is the critical period of flood control. Zhang Jiatuan, Emergency Command Commissioner of the Emergency Management Department, said that "seven downs and eight ups" generally refers to the time from the second half of July to the first half of August every year.
"During this period, the western Pacific subtropical high will often be lifted to the highest position, and the north of China will enter the main rainy season, and the south, such as South China and the southeast coast, may enter the typhoon active period. During this period, a wide range of heavy rainfall processes often occur, causing serious floods. Especially in the northern region, this problem is particularly prominent, such as the "July 20" torrential rain disaster in Zhengzhou last year and the torrential rain disaster in Xingtai, Hebei Province in 2016. Therefore, this period is the most prominent stage of flood disaster risk in China. " Zhang Jiatuan said.
According to the forecast, during the "Seven Downs and Eight Ups" this year, the main rain area in China is in the north, and serious floods may occur in Songhua River, Huaihe River and other basins, and local floods may occur in Haihe River, including the lower reaches of Liaohe River and Yellow River, and in the west of Pearl River Basin. In addition, there is less precipitation in Jiangnan, South China and parts of northwest China, and summer drought may occur in some places in East China and Central China. There may be 1-2 landing typhoons, and the path is mainly westbound. Generally speaking, the situation of flood control and drought relief this year is more complicated and severe.
Zhang Jiatuan introduced that the National Defense General Office and the Emergency Management Department further urged all localities to implement the main responsibilities of the flood control and disaster relief party committees and governments, and compacted the responsibilities to the end of the grassroots. In particular, we will urge the responsible persons at all levels to go deep into the front line and command from the front, and organize hidden dangers investigation, emergency rescue, mass transfer, disaster relief and other work. We will implement the "call-to-answer" mechanism for immediate disasters, strengthen the linkage between early warning and emergency response, and move forward the threshold for emergency response.
At the same time, attach great importance to the possible "summer drought", timely judge the drought risk, refine the drought relief plan, and urge all localities to strengthen water resources management and scientific allocation. The difficulty of drinking water in dry areas should be investigated door by door, and the drought-resistant team equipment should be implemented in advance to ensure the safety of drinking water.
The accuracy of rainstorm forecast and early warning during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period reached 90%
At the press conference, the relevant person in charge interpreted the contents of the National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan issued by the National Disaster Reduction Committee recently.
Chen Sheng, Director of the Monitoring and Disaster Reduction Department of the Emergency Management Department, introduced that the overall goal of the Plan anchors the 14th Five-Year Plan for China’s national economic and social development and the outline of the long-term goal in 2035. From the first stage to 2025, a natural disaster prevention and control system with overall planning and high efficiency, clear responsibilities, combination of prevention and control, social participation and coordination with high-quality economic and social development will be basically established; In the second stage, we will strive to basically modernize the natural disaster prevention and control system and prevention and control capacity by 2035, and the prevention and response to major disasters will be more powerful, orderly and effective.
The Plan requires that the national comprehensive risk database of natural disasters be built, and a comprehensive risk map and a prevention and control zoning map be compiled. The public coverage rate of early warning information will reach 90%, and the annual death rate due to disasters per million people will be controlled within 1, and the average number of people affected by disasters per 100,000 people will be less than 15,000, so as to minimize disaster risks.
"The" Planning "requires that a central disaster relief material reserve be added around efficient disaster relief, and the linkage between early warning and emergency response should be strengthened, so that the basic livelihood of the affected people can be effectively rescued within 10 hours of the disaster. In addition, popular science education on disaster prevention and mitigation is widely carried out, and there is at least one disaster information officer in every village (community) in urban and rural areas across the country. " Chen Sheng said.
Deng Shizhong, deputy director of the Emergency Disaster Reduction and Public Service Department of China Meteorological Bureau, said that China is one of the countries with the most serious meteorological disasters in the world, and meteorological and derivative disasters account for more than 70% of natural disasters. Meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation is the focus of natural disaster prevention.
During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the meteorological department will basically build an intelligent forecasting system with seamless and full coverage. The accuracy of rainstorm forecasting and early warning will reach 90%, and the early warning time of severe convective weather will exceed 45 minutes. Strengthen the construction of the national emergency early warning information release system, realize that the early warning information reaches the responsible persons of disaster prevention and mitigation at all levels within 5 minutes, and the public coverage rate of early warning information reaches over 90%.
The emergency management department replied to the Beijing News: The Plan highlights disaster avoidance and takes measures such as suspension of work and school when necessary.
At the meeting, a reporter from the Beijing News asked what special arrangements and arrangements had been made for the "Planning" in view of the shortcomings exposed in the response to major natural disasters such as the "July 20" torrential rain disaster in Zhengzhou, Henan Province.
Chen Sheng introduced that in recent years, extreme weather disasters have occurred frequently in China. In the practice of preventing and responding to major natural disasters, there are many shortcomings and deficiencies in the field of disaster prevention and mitigation in some cities in China.
To this end, the "Planning" proposes to highlight emergency preparedness and strengthen the capacity building for disaster prevention and response. We will revise and improve emergency plans in extreme cases such as road disconnection, power outage and network disconnection, and strengthen all-round preparations such as presetting key rescue forces, dispatching materials and equipment, and post-disaster rescue and recovery. Highlight risk zoning and strengthen the source control of various disasters. Incorporate safety and resilience, disaster risk assessment, etc. into the requirements of national spatial planning, compile and revise disaster risk maps and comprehensive prevention and control zoning maps, scientifically delineate disaster risk areas and control lines, and promote the rational planning and construction layout of urban and rural infrastructure and public service facilities.
At the same time, infrastructure construction should be highlighted to improve the level of natural disaster prevention. In combination with strengthening infrastructure construction and implementing the strategy of expanding domestic demand, nine disaster prevention and mitigation projects with strong foundation, increased functions and long-term benefits will be deployed in three aspects: monitoring and early warning, emergency rescue and comprehensive support. Highlight disaster avoidance and strengthen the linkage between early warning and response. Formulate standards and norms such as disaster monitoring, forecasting and early warning, establish and improve the linkage mechanism between meteorological disaster early warning and emergency response such as "calling for response" by responsible persons, strengthen the implementation of social control measures, and take rigid measures such as suspension of work, suspension of school, suspension of business, suspension of service, suspension of assembly and traffic control when necessary to avoid mass deaths and injuries.
In addition, publicity and guidance should be highlighted to create a good atmosphere for the whole society to participate in disaster prevention and mitigation. Work hard on the construction of popular science education system for disaster prevention and mitigation, cultivate a group of national and provincial backbone propaganda forces for disaster prevention and mitigation, develop a group of case bases for major disasters, create a number of online and offline training courses, and build a number of research and exchange bases for disaster prevention and mitigation, so as to increase the interpretation and warning education of typical cases and improve the risk awareness and emergency response ability of cadres and the masses.
(Beijing News reporter Zhan Shengjie intern Chen Yuxi)