The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always regarded social security as an important institutional arrangement to promote economic and social development and realize that the broad masses of the people share the fruits of reform and development. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has placed the construction of social security system in a more prominent position. Through a series of institutional and institutional innovations, China’s social security system reform has developed in depth. Nowadays, the goal of universal coverage of social security work is being achieved steadily.

　　Leading the people to create a better life is our party’s unswerving goal. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has always regarded social security as an important institutional arrangement to promote economic and social development and realize that the broad masses of the people share the fruits of reform and development. After decades of unremitting efforts, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has put the construction of social security system in a more prominent position, adhered to full coverage, guaranteed basic, multi-level and sustainable, and made a series of major decisions and arrangements. Today, the largest social security system in the world has become the guarantee for 1.4 billion Chinese to live and work in peace and contentment. From centenarians to newborn babies, the goal of universal coverage of social security work is being steadily realized.

　　Practice has proved that the historic achievements in China’s social security cause are fundamentally due to the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, persistence in giving full play to the party’s leadership and the political advantages of the socialist system, and concentrating on doing great things. The valuable experience we have gained for a long time lies in adhering to the people’s supremacy and common prosperity, and taking improving people’s livelihood and promoting social equity as the fundamental starting point and end result of developing social security.

　　Solve the problem of "urgent difficulties and worries" of the masses

　　Achieving common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism. For a country with a large population like China, it is necessary to constantly improve the social security system so that everyone can share the fruits of economic and social development.

　　I often think about the sufferings of the people in my heart, and I often seek ways to enrich the people in my mind. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the leadership of the Party, China’s social security system has been consolidated step by step, and its coverage has gradually expanded from employees of urban enterprises to rural residents, and the goal of universal coverage is being steadily realized. In 2016, the International Social Security Association awarded the China Municipal Government the "Outstanding Achievement Award in Social Security" in recognition of China’s outstanding achievements in expanding social security coverage.

　　At the beginning of the founding of New China, social security started. "Workers in People’s Republic of China (PRC) have the right to get material help when they are old, sick or incapacitated." In September 1954, the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) adopted by the First National People’s Congress explicitly mentioned the rights of workers.

　　After the reform and opening up, China’s social security construction has entered the fast lane. During this period, in order to establish a multi-level social security system and provide social security suitable for urban and rural residents in China, China has successively launched the "Two Rivers Pilot" of the employee medical insurance system, put forward the "two guarantees" for laid-off workers in state-owned enterprises, established and improved the old-age insurance system for enterprise employees and the industrial injury insurance system, and comprehensively implemented the new rural social endowment insurance system and the old-age insurance system for urban residents. On July 1st, 2011, the Social Insurance Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) was officially implemented, and the social insurance system of new China had a special law formulated by the highest legislature for the first time.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s social security reform has witnessed the greatest strength, the fastest development speed and the widest coverage. It is also a period in which the people are most concerned about the most direct and realistic interests and the people’s "urgent difficulties and worries" are solved the most.

　　China has built the largest pension security system in the world. In February 2014, the basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents was unified. In October of the same year, the reform of the old-age insurance system in government agencies and institutions was initiated, and a unified basic old-age insurance system combining social pooling with individual accounts was implemented with enterprise employees. In 2018, the central adjustment system of the basic old-age insurance fund for enterprise employees was established, which strongly supported the full payment of basic pensions in difficult provinces. In 2020, the national overall plan for enterprise employees’ pension insurance was reviewed and approved by the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, and various preparatory work was in full swing. By the end of May 2021, China’s basic old-age insurance had covered 1.012 billion people, including 460 million employees, 547 million urban and rural residents and nearly 300 million pensioners. The old-age insurance system has enabled retirees and elderly residents in urban and rural areas to share the fruits of economic and social development, and their sense of acquisition, happiness and security has been significantly enhanced.

　　The "trinity" structure is in the same boat through thick and thin, and it is helpful to encounter work-related injuries. Bringing more people into the scope of protection of industrial injury insurance is the top priority of this basic guarantee. The "Same Boat Plan" launched for three consecutive years from 2015 to 2017 is the special expansion plan of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security for the construction industry. In 2018, it was made clear that migrant workers who are employed in various engineering construction projects such as railways, highways, water transport, water conservancy, energy and airport projects can be included in the work-related injury insurance protection by participating in the project, thus creatively solving the problem of difficulty in participating in the insurance for migrant workers in the engineering construction field. By the end of May, 2021, the number of people participating in industrial injury insurance nationwide was 272 million, including 89.91 million migrant workers. Nowadays, the industrial injury insurance system of prevention, compensation and rehabilitation is becoming more and more perfect. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance and other eight departments jointly issued the Five-year Action Plan for Work Injury Prevention (2021-2025). The effective development of work injury prevention has promoted the decline of the incidence of work-related accidents and the improvement of working conditions in the workplace. During the treatment of the epidemic in COVID-19, the rights and interests of industrial injury insurance of infected medical staff and related staff were protected in time.

　　Economic "shock absorber" is stable and far-reaching

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, through a series of innovations in system and mechanism, the reform of China’s social security system has developed in depth, the level of security has been continuously improved with economic development, and the role of "shock absorber" in economic operation has become more and more prominent.

　　Reduce fees and reduce the burden on enterprises. In recent years, when all kinds of enterprises are experiencing major economic fluctuations, facing major reform initiatives and encountering major emergencies, social security policies have made timely moves, which have played a positive role in helping small and medium-sized enterprises, stabilizing and expanding employment. It is understood that from 2015 to 2019, China has reduced the social security rate six times, and the total social security rate of five items has dropped from 41% to 33.95%, which has reduced the expenses for enterprises by nearly one trillion yuan, effectively promoting the development of the real economy and private enterprises.

　　In 2020, in order to cope with the severe impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security introduced an unprecedented policy of "reducing the burden, slowing down the reduction and subsidizing". In the whole year, the three social insurances of pension, unemployment and work injury reduced the burden on enterprises by 1.54 trillion yuan, accounting for two-thirds of the total tax reduction and fee reduction. Bao Daorong, deputy director of the Labor and Employment Center in Fuzhou, Fujian Province, was deeply impressed by the measures taken to stabilize unemployment insurance in Fuzhou last year: "In 2020, we gave 17,700 small and medium-sized enterprises a stable job subsidy. In the past, enterprises were looking for social departments to honor their policies. During the epidemic, we were looking for enterprises by policy and took the initiative to help enterprises through difficult times. "

　　In recent years, China has implemented an unemployment insurance system to protect life, prevent unemployment and promote employment, which has played a decisive role in helping enterprises stabilize their posts and upgrading their skills. In 2015, in order to implement the central government’s "cost reduction" requirements, the unemployment insurance rate was "three reductions and four extensions", and the total rate was reduced from 3% to 1%. At present, this policy is still being implemented. In 2019, in order to implement the strategy of strengthening the country with skills, the human and social departments took out 100 billion yuan from the balance of unemployment insurance funds to support vocational skills upgrading. In 2020, in response to the impact of the epidemic, 104.2 billion yuan of stable return funds were distributed to 6.08 million insured enterprises throughout the year, benefiting 156 million employees. In the same year, in terms of expanding the coverage of unemployment insurance, the unemployment subsidy and temporary living allowance policies were innovated. For the first time, urban and rural unemployed people who voluntarily resigned, received unemployment insurance benefits and had been insured for less than one year were included in the coverage. In the whole year, 13.37 million unemployed people enjoyed unemployment insurance benefits.

　　The role of social security as an economic "shock absorber" is not only reflected in the fact that it can cover the difficulties in emergencies, but also in the fact that it has a certain countercyclical adjustment function of economic operation, creating environmental conditions for the smooth and orderly flow of labor factors. At present, China is building a new development pattern, the core of which is to smooth the national economic cycle so that production, distribution, circulation and consumption rely more on the domestic market. In order to meet the people’s new expectations for a high-quality life, social security benefits have been gradually improved. The basic pension for enterprise retirees has been continuously adjusted for 17 years, and the pensions for retirees from enterprises, institutions and institutions have been adjusted simultaneously for six consecutive times. At the same time, unemployment insurance and work injury insurance benefits have been greatly improved. At present, the minimum standard of basic pension for urban and rural residents provided by the central government has been transferred from 55 yuan to 93 yuan. All provinces have issued additional local basic pensions, and the monthly per capita pension for urban and rural residents is about 170 yuan.

　　At present, people’s social departments at all levels in the country are taking people’s livelihood security as the starting point and the end result of smoothing the domestic circulation, closely following the strategic base point of expanding domestic demand, improving the multi-level social security system, eliminating worries for the masses, improving people’s livelihood and expanding consumption.

　　Sustainable supply matters for a long time.

　　With the development of economy and society and the improvement of people’s health, China has entered the stage of population aging. Faced with the extension of life expectancy, the acceleration of population aging, the decline of working-age population and the shortening of average working years, China’s population aging has the characteristics of "getting old before getting rich" and huge scale, which has a great and far-reaching impact on economic and social development. The social security system must be actively coordinated, explore effective paths and measures, and continuously enhance sustainability.

　　Pension funds plan ahead and strive to achieve steady development. In August 2015, the State Council issued the Measures for the Administration of Investment in Basic Endowment Insurance Funds, which opened a new chapter in the market-oriented investment and operation of basic endowment insurance funds. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, in order to expand the scale of entrusted investment of pension funds and improve the efficiency of fund appreciation, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance successively issued a number of documents, and deployed all provinces in China to start entrusted investment of pension funds in three batches. By the end of 2020, all provinces in China and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have started the entrusted investment of pension funds, with the entrusted scale reaching 1.24 trillion yuan and the actually received scale reaching 1.05 trillion yuan. Since the pension fund was officially invested and operated at the end of 2016, the accumulated investment income is nearly 200 billion yuan, and the average annual rate of return is over 6%, far exceeding the average annual inflation rate and the 5-year time deposit interest rate in the same period, which has achieved the goal of maintaining and increasing value.

　　The development of annuity funds has accelerated, and the role of supplementary pension has gradually become apparent. Enterprise annuity and occupational annuity are the second pillar of old-age insurance, and are the important contents of building a multi-level old-age insurance system in China. In recent years, the enterprise annuity system has run smoothly and the occupational annuity system has made a major breakthrough. By the end of 2020, 105,000 enterprises across the country had established enterprise annuities, with 27.18 million participants. In terms of occupational annuity, since the establishment of the system in 2015, it has been gradually standardized from scratch in just a few years. By the end of 2020, the second pillar of endowment insurance has covered 69 million people, and the accumulated scale of the fund has exceeded 3.6 trillion yuan, which has better achieved the long-term stable income goal.

　　At present, the overall healthy and orderly development of the annuity system has gradually played a positive role in promoting a multi-level pension system, enhancing the talent attraction of insured units, and improving the level of pension benefits for employees after retirement. At the same time, supplementary endowment insurance fund, as an important medium-and long-term fund, has also played a positive role in promoting the steady development of China’s capital market. (Economic Daily-China Economic Net reporter Rong Rong)

　　With the deepening of poverty alleviation, industrial poverty alleviation is becoming the first choice for many regions to move from "one-time poverty alleviation" to "sustainable poverty alleviation". However, the reporter of the Economic Information Daily recently conducted a survey in poverty-stricken areas in Guizhou, Ningxia, Henan and other places, and found that in the process of implementing the industrial poverty alleviation policy at the grassroots level, due to the lack of investigation and research, the industrial poverty alleviation in some areas was distorted, the industrial development was arbitrary, and there was a lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing. Some key nodes that restricted the development of industrial poverty alleviation needed to increase their efforts.

　　Industry drives villagers out of poverty and towards a well-off society.

　　According to the plan, during the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, more than 30 million rural poor people in China will be lifted out of poverty through industrial support, and provide a sustainable and stable source of income for people who have moved away from home, ecological protection and education and medical care. In the concrete practice at the grassroots level, some replicable and popularized industrial poverty alleviation models have gradually taken shape, initially showing a situation of "strong industry, benefiting the people and revitalizing the village".

　　In Hetaoba Village, Meijiang Town, Meitan County, Guizhou Province, the 10,000-mu tea garden glows with bright green light. Sweet-scented osmanthus trees, cherry trees and chestnut trees are dotted among rows of tea trees, and the small blue tiles, cross-beams, carved windows and white-powder-walled "houses in northern Guizhou" are located in the green forest of tea sea in turn.

　　"A few decades ago, the villagers in our place ate glutinous rice, lived in wooden tile houses, and traveled by shoulders. The poor life once made many villagers go out to work." Chen Tingming, Party Secretary of Walnut Dam, said that in order to change the situation of poor corn planting year after year, Walnut Dam Village decided to implement "returning grain to plant tea" in the way of "leading cadres in branches, leading cadres in party member and leading the masses in party member".

　　"At that time, the government invested two or three million yuan to help us develop the tea industry, and the two village committees implemented tea industrialization development in accordance with the five unified models of land planning, tea seedling cultivation, capital investment, tea production and processing." Chen Tingming said, "It is better to give money to food than to attract rich industries."

　　Today, in Walnut Dam, 868 villagers have a per capita tea garden of 3.5 mu, a per capita income of 15,000 yuan, and village collective assets of more than 90 million yuan. There are only 29 poor households with physical and intellectual disabilities in the village, and more than 95% of the villagers have achieved employment and entrepreneurship in the village, and have a tea and green trading center that radiates Zunyi City.

　　Daren Liew, a villager with an annual income of more than 200,000 yuan in 32 acres of tea garden, said that in the past, villagers were so poor that it was difficult to grow corn. Because the industry was selected correctly and the government provided better public services, the Walnut Dam became more livable than the city, which was unthinkable in the past.

　　In addition to the tea industry, during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Guizhou successively invested 6.9 billion yuan in industrial poverty alleviation funds, and developed ten poverty alleviation industries such as Chinese herbal medicines, walnuts, grassland animal husbandry and fine fruits according to local conditions, covering more than 5 million farmers, attracting hundreds of thousands of migrant workers to return to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship every year, and many of them have become leaders in industrial poverty alleviation.

　　In Ningxia, the "one county, one industry" characteristic poverty alleviation industries, such as potatoes in Xiji County, cattle in Jingyuan County and Chinese herbal medicines in Longde County, are forming a brand effect. Starting from 2016, Ningxia will also set up a total of 1 billion yuan industrial poverty alleviation fund in three years to support poor villages and poor households to develop characteristic breeding industries according to local conditions, so that more than 80% of the income of poor people will come from industries.

　　From 2013 to 2015, through industrial support and construction subsidies for poor households, Henan implemented 2,264 poverty alleviation projects to increase household income, covering nearly 170,000 poor households and benefiting 630,000 people. The average income of the supported poor households was nearly 7,000 yuan.

　　Focusing on industrial poverty alleviation and science and technology poverty alleviation, since 2011, Henan Province has also developed 1,389 industrial poverty alleviation projects such as high-efficiency planting (breeding) and agricultural product processing according to local conditions, driving nearly 370,000 poor people to work at home; 935 poverty alleviation projects through science and technology were arranged, and 814,000 person-times of agricultural technology training were carried out. Many poor households whose abilities have jumped have become experts in getting rid of poverty and heading for a well-off society.

　　Poverty alleviation in individual areas is distorted.

　　Some interviewed poverty alleviation cadres and the masses reported that in the process of actively promoting industrial poverty alleviation, some problems are also emerging. In some areas, the industrial development is arbitrary, and there is a lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing, so the exploration of industrial poverty alleviation is often ineffective. In addition, the imperfect support funds and security system also plague the implementation of poverty alleviation policies.

　　First, industrial development is arbitrary. Some areas blindly promote a project in the whole county and district, regardless of cost and poor efficiency, which leads to rush into development and final overall failure. From 2014 to 2015, a poverty-stricken county in western China forcibly promoted the breeding of green-shell laying hens among more than 3,000 poor households in two towns without in-depth investigation of mass breeding techniques, breeding costs and market risks. Due to the poor epidemic prevention of laying hens, high breeding costs and many thresholds set by contracted enterprises, the government invested millions of yuan in breeding projects, and some farmers even went to the government to petition because of poor benefits in developing green-shell laying hens.

　　In addition, the reporter found in the investigation that the lack of industrial chain support such as deep processing is often a common factor in the failure of industrial poverty alleviation exploration in various places. The reporter of Economic Information Daily recently found in an interview in a county in Guizhou that in the past six years, the local poverty alleviation industries such as walnut, gastrodia elata, sheep raising, codonopsis pilosula and Pseudostellaria heterophylla have been implemented successively, but they all failed to varying degrees. Due to low deep processing capacity and low degree of organization, it is difficult for scattered farmers to cope with market risks. Taking tea as an example, this county has developed 200,000 mu of tea gardens in recent years, and about 100,000 mu are surviving and developing relatively well. However, because there is no deep processing industry chain, only primary products are sold locally, and the low added value of products is not obvious. The local poverty alleviation cadres reflected: "Agriculture has high risks. If it is not driven by leading enterprises familiar with the market and technology, relying on the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses, the country will eventually spend money, but farmers will suffer."

　　Second, the participation of poor households is low, and there are phenomena such as "there are government decisions without the will of the masses" and "there are projects without poor households". It is not uncommon for some cadres to think that they are better than the masses. Local governments have a strong sense of "I want you to plant (raise) projects", and they decide what to plant and raise for farmers instead of others. Poor households are in a subordinate position in industrial development, with low participation, and the voices and wishes of poor groups themselves are marginalized, which is divorced from reality and causes some mistakes and waste at the grassroots level.

　　During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, a certain place in the west developed 15,000 mu of honeysuckle introduced from the north with the investment of 430 yuan per mu. According to the original idea of producing at least 100 kg of dried flowers per mu, it can produce more than 750 tons of dried flowers per year, but the actual output of dried flowers in the local area is less than 5 tons. One of the important reasons for the failure of honeysuckle project is that the local people are cold-shouldered against the unwilling projects by "not caring for them and ignoring them". The reporter found in the local interview that the embarrassing situation of industrial poverty alleviation even made some grassroots cadres feel big when they heard about industrial poverty alleviation, and the people were afraid when they thought of industrial poverty alleviation.

　　It is found that in some places, industrial poverty alleviation is simply equated with industrial development, while the poverty alleviation goal itself is ignored. Some cadres recommended to reporters that the industrial poverty alleviation projects they visited "look beautiful", but in-depth understanding found that these projects have little to do with real poor households. In some places, it is not uncommon for industrial poverty alleviation to "only see poor households in projects", and even the funds for poverty alleviation projects have been taken in disguise by some unscrupulous enterprises in the name of poverty alleviation. The National Audit Office found similar problems when auditing the annual poverty alleviation funds of a poverty-stricken county in western China from 2010 to 2012.

　　Third, the funding gap is large. At present, the amount of financial poverty alleviation funds is low, specifically to 680 districts and counties and 152 key counties outside the district, and the amount of funds is insufficient to support the industrial development of poor counties. Fourth, the market guarantee system is not perfect. Agriculture-related industries are greatly influenced by weather, market and other factors. At present, China’s agriculture-related insurance is seriously lacking, and poor households have great risks in developing industries.

　　Increase support and improve the security system

　　For all kinds of problems in industrial poverty alleviation, the insiders believe that we should increase financial support for industrial poverty alleviation, build an open platform for industrial poverty alleviation, and work together to build a new model of "insurance+industrial poverty alleviation" to give full play to the leading role of industry in poverty alleviation.

　　Haibo, director of the Development Guidance Department of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office, and other interviewed cadres suggested that industrial poverty alleviation should be further promoted from the following three aspects: First, vigorously develop small loans for poverty alleviation. Give full play to the role and advantages of rural credit cooperatives and rural banks, provide small credit loans with a term of more than 3 years, 30,000 to 50,000 yuan, the benchmark interest rate is implemented, and the financial poverty alleviation funds will fully discount the interest, supporting the poverty-stricken households to develop industries with distinctive advantages.

　　The second is to build an open platform for industrial poverty alleviation. Sun Zhaoxia, an anti-poverty expert in guizhou minzu university, and others believe that enterprises, large households and farmers are more grounded in industrial poverty alleviation, and they should decide or discuss with them what industries to develop. The government should focus on providing public services in building industrial chains, improving infrastructure and enhancing the capabilities of poor groups. At the same time, through the establishment of the mechanism of equal participation and coordinated action of the government, enterprises, social organizations, poor groups and other subjects, the decision-making of industrial poverty alleviation will be more scientific and participatory, so as to avoid the development and failure of industrial poverty alleviation due to lack of multi-party initiative.

　　The third is to explore a new model of "insurance+industry poverty alleviation" according to local conditions. In view of the serious shortage of agriculture-related insurance in China and the great risks of poor households in developing their industries, grassroots cadres suggest that the government, commercial insurance institutions, enterprises and other stakeholders need to innovate their thinking and work together to build a new model of "insurance+industry poverty alleviation". Insurance institutions can actively promote various products such as mass agricultural product output insurance, income insurance, meteorological index insurance and price index insurance according to the regional characteristics and industrial development characteristics of poor areas; And actively build a multi-party credit risk sharing compensation mechanism of "insurance+bank+government" to solve the problems such as the absence of industrial poverty alleviation insurance.

　　"It is better to give money and things to a good branch, and the demand in many remote and poor mountainous areas is particularly urgent." A county party secretary of a poverty-stricken county in Henan said that some rural areas have no industry and are deeply mired in poverty, which is closely related to the weakness, lack of development ideas, lack of appeal and lack of motivation of grassroots organizations in these areas. He suggested that this round of industrial poverty alleviation should be combined with strengthening the construction of grassroots organizations. In particular, innovating the mode and mechanism, encouraging the development of cooperative economy that can bring collective income, and giving top priority to stimulating the enthusiasm of village-level organizations.